In biological discussion when a few speculative biologists point to the necessity of an «epigenetic landscape» to make sense of
embryogenesis, development and growth their colleagues usually summon them back to «reality» with sober accusations of mystification.
But Bergson has pointed out the arbitrary nature of the dividing line drawn by commonsense between the zone of «organic» determinisms and that of «spontaneity» in the course of
embryogenesis.
Davies and Lineweaver suggest that genes active in
embryogenesis and switched off later may be reactivated because of damage, causing the accelerated cell division of these rogue cancer cells.
Having looked at the Reiner and Meyer studies, we in the Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Department eventually concluded that human sexual identity is mostly built into our constitution by the genes we inherit and
the embryogenesis we undergo.
Primary congenital aphakia is a rare development disorder, characterized by the absence of lens developed between the 4th and the 5th week of
embryogenesis.
With increased understanding of the fundamental mechanism, appropriate DNA methylation including the proper functioning of the epigenetic machinery is highlighted to be essential for
embryogenesis and adult health [1]- [3].
Genome editing reveals a role for OCT4 in human
embryogenesis.
Baylin says certain genes that control cell growth get turned down periodically during certain stages of life, including
embryogenesis, when organisms are growing and developing rapidly.
As Saaïd Safieddine, CNRS Director of Research at the Institut Pasteur and co-senior author of the study with Prof. Christine Petit (head of the Genetics & physiology hearing unit at the Institut Pasteur), explains, «we have just shown that it is possible to partially correct a specific form of hereditary hearing loss accompanied by balance problems using local gene therapy performed after
the embryogenesis of the ear, which is primarily affected by the mutation responsible for the disorder.
Moreover, the bacteria seemed to produce nucleotides not only for their own use, but for the worms when requirements for nucleotides were high — such as during oogenesis and
embryogenesis.
However, it is not just temperature that affects
embryogenesis and the phenotype of the resulting hatchlings.
The two sides of the colon fuse together during
embryogenesis — the early stages of prenatal development — to form the large intestine, which causes the two sides to have different protein expressions.
Although this is a normal process in
embryogenesis to build new tissues, when it occurs in cancer cells it generates metastasis.
Sorting out sex - free
embryogenesis might help scientists understand the cellular switches that plants use to stay flexible while still keeping growth under control.
Since then, people have used so - called somatic
embryogenesis to propagate dozens of species, including coffee, magnolias, mangos, and roses.
Indeed, some of the processes that control somatic
embryogenesis may be similar to those that occur during animal cloning or limb regeneration (see p. 84).
Recent work has also shown that over - or underexpression of certain genes in Arabidopsis plants can prompt
embryogenesis in otherwise normal - looking leaf cells.
In contrast, Neandertals and modern humans share derived wrist morphology that forms during
embryogenesis, which diminishes the probability that pathology could result in the normal primitive state.
In order to elucidate the significance of early epigenetic modifications on the development of neural cells during
embryogenesis in the mouse, Götz and her colleagues specifically inactivated the gene Uhrf1.
«We assumed that activating those genes too soon during development disrupted
embryogenesis and eventually caused the death of the embryo.
When they had a closer look into the embryos, the team found that several important developmental genes that are normally switched off during early
embryogenesis were turned on in embryos without H3K27me3.
Each colored circle in the image shows one of the embryo's cells, and the corresponding tail indicates that cell's movement over a short time interval during early
embryogenesis (at around 3 hours post-fertilization).
Automated segmentation and tracking in SiMView data set of Drosophila
embryogenesis (gradient color code)
Automated segmentation and tracking in SiMView data set of zebrafish
embryogenesis (gradient color code)
Therefore the researchers used a variety of genetic tools in fruit flies to remove the enzyme that places H3K27me3 marks and discovered that embryos lacking H3K27me3 during early development could not develop to the end of
embryogenesis.
The principles of pattern formation in
embryogenesis can be studied in Drosophila by means of a powerful combination of genetic and transplantation experiments.
Tschinkel believes that an ant colony grows just as a single organism does, by rules that guide interactions among its cells and between it and its environment, a process called
embryogenesis.
«We have studied the functions of ESRP genes during
the embryogenesis of various animals.
Its normal functions include the repair of wounds, healing,
embryogenesis and organ manufacture.
They move during
embryogenesis, tissue repair, regeneration, chemotaxis.
«My own skepticism has been growing that we therefore may be damaging things with what we're doing to these eggs prior to
embryogenesis.»
«Our focus here has been on early heart development, but the basic principles of patterning of human pluripotent stem cells, and subsequently differentiating them, can be readily expanded into a broad range of tissues for understanding
embryogenesis and tissue morphogenesis,» said Healy.
We applied this to systems spanning four orders of magnitude in space and time, including the diffusion of single transcription factor molecules in stem cell spheroids, the dynamic instability of mitotic microtubules, the immunological synapse, neutrophil motility in a 3D matrix, and
embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster.
We demonstrated the technique on 20 different biological processes spanning four orders of magnitude in space and time, including the binding kinetics of single Sox2 transcription factor molecules, 3D superresolution photoactivated localization microscopy of nuclear lamins, dynamic organelle rearrangements and 3D tracking of microtubule plus ends during mitosis, neutrophil motility in a collagen mesh, and subcellular protein localization and dynamics during
embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster.
«Organ development, especially the liver, is highly conserved among vertebrates — including zebrafish — and the mutations we create in zebrafish alter
embryogenesis in a manner consistent with humans, making it an ideal model system to study diseases such as Alagille syndrome.»
However, malformation of skeletal bones during
embryogenesis also occurs in FOP patients and illustrates that the underlying genetic mutation occurs in a gene with functional importance in regulating chondro - osseous differentiation during embryonic skeletal development as well as in adult musculoskeletal tissues.
Shp2, for example, plays an essential role in early
embryogenesis and is also known to play a role in cancer.
«Our focus here has been on early heart development, but the basic principles of patterning of human pluripotent stem cells, and subsequently differentiating them, can be readily expanded into a broad range of tissues for understanding
embryogenesis and tissue morphogenesis,» said Dr. Healy.
Antonio Giraldez (Yale University)-- A developmental biologist, Dr. Giraldez works on deciphering the regulatory code that shapes
embryogenesis, the earliest events that occur after fertilization.
This phenomenon disappears in later stages of
embryogenesis indicating the existence of an additional mechanism of lipid regulation in C. elegans.
Dr. Anju Vasudevan's work on early
embryogenesis of the forebrain vascular system has opened up an entirely new conceptual framework from which to view this important component of brain development.
Xpd ablation (XpdKO / KO) is similarly incompatible with life beyond the earliest stages of
embryogenesis [22].
This relationship is perhaps most striking during the first stages of
embryogenesis, when cells change in size and shape several fold in the absence of growth.
Birgit Kagermeier - Schenk (Weidinger, TUD)-- «Genome - wide analysis of Wnt / beta - catenin target genes in zebrafish
embryogenesis and characterization of a novel modifier of Wnt signaling pathways» (2010)
Stelzer concentrates his efforts on applications and further developments of advanced light microscopies in the modern life sciences, working on various aspects and applications of three - dimensional cell biology, lateral root development in Arabidopsis thaliana and
the embryogenesis of, amongst other insects, Tribolium castaneum.
Stefan Glaser (Stewart, MPG)-- «Role of the histone methyltransferase, Mll2, in
embryogenesis and adult mouse» (2005)
GROUP 3 LATE
EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT PROTEINS FROM EMBRYOS OF ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA: MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS, EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION.
Changes in the 2 - DE protein profile during zygotic
embryogenesis in the Brazilian Pine (Araucaria angustifolia).
Vastenhouw NL, Schier AF Bivalent histone modifications in early
embryogenesis.
A mammary stem cell population identified and characterized in late
embryogenesis reveals similarities to human breast cancer