Not exact matches
«The First Amendment,» he argued, «does not
authorize Congress to pick and choose the persons or
entities or the organizational forms that are free to exercise their religion» — a view that was later affirmed by the
U.S. Supreme Court in the Hobby Lobby case.
The hearing centered on
U.S. obligations under Article VI of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty to
authorize and continually supervise the activities of non-governmental
entities, like companies.
By signing the BEN - E, the
authorized individual of the
entity is certifying that (i) the
entity is the beneficial owner of the income (ii) the
entity is not a
U.S. person, and (iii) the income is not effectively connected income («ECI»).
A
U.S. court would allow a lawsuit to go forward in its courts if one of two main exceptions apply (there are other exceptions which are controversial and much less common and inapplicable on the facts of this question): (1) there is a breach of contract duly
authorized by the national government, or (2) the liability arises from the non-governmental «commercial activities» of a governmental
entity owned by the national government but not truly a part of it.
On December 15, 2011, the
U.S. Court made an order
authorizing Hartford to act as the Foreign Representative of the Chapter 11
Entities.