Using a statistics - based technique to compare their shape and size with the skulls of many other hominins, Harvard
University paleoanthropologist Philip Rightmire found that only one of the Dmanisi skulls — at 730 cubic centimeters — fits «comfortably within the confines of H. erectus.»
The innkeeper was delighted — and so were University of Utah biologist Dennis Bramble and Harvard
University paleoanthropologist Daniel Lieberman.
«I was really quite blown away when the paper was published in Nature,» says George Washington
University paleoanthropologist Alison Brooks.
«If you're going to walk into someone else's territory, you want to signal that you're a friend, not a foe,» says George Washington
University paleoanthropologist Alison Brooks.
Not exact matches
«This is a real lineage, and we have to work out what the hell it looks like,» says
paleoanthropologist Bernard Wood of George Washington
University in Washington.
Crocodile bites damage animal bones in virtually the same ways that stone tools do, say
paleoanthropologist Yonatan Sahle of the
University of Tübingen in Germany and his colleagues.
But Stanley Ambrose, a
paleoanthropologist at the
University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign, dismisses Duarte's idea.
It also shows that these ancient «populations moved around a lot and intermixed,» says
paleoanthropologist Erik Trinkaus of Washington
University in St. Louis in Missouri, who is not a co-author.
In September,
University of the Witwatersrand
paleoanthropologist Lee Berger and his team described the fossils — discovered by spelunkers in 2013 — in the journal eLife.
Others, like William Jungers, a
paleoanthropologist at Stony Brook
University, say there isn't enough evidence to confirm that H. naledi is necessarily a new species.
To create a foot skeleton for Lucy, I essentially executed a 3 - D version of a graphic reconstruction done earlier by Berkeley
paleoanthropologist Tim White and the
University of Tokyo's Gen Suwa, scaled to Lucy's size using her preserved foot bones.
«You need to point out to them that this is inappropriate,» said Fred Smith, a
paleoanthropologist at Illinois State
University in Normal.
Now, however, a trio of
paleoanthropologists — Yonatan Sahle and Sireen El Zaatari of the
University of Tübingen in Germany and Tim White of the
University of California, Berkeley — have shown that crocodile teeth can also leave V - shaped cuts in mammal bones that are indistinguishable from stone - tool cuts.
«I think basically everyone in zooarchaeology knows there's a problem with cutmarks,» says David Braun, a
paleoanthropologist at George Washington
University in Washington, D.C., who wasn't involved in the study.
Manuel Domínguez - Rodrigo, a
paleoanthropologist at the Complutense
University of Madrid, says that in his own analysis of the Dikika bones, he found micro-abrasions along the bones» surface and intersecting striations within grooves, textures that suggest neither crocodile bites nor stone - tool cuts, but instead damage by animal trampling.
Curtis Marean, a
paleoanthropologist at Arizona State
University's Institute of Human Origins in Tempe, and a co-author on the 2010 paper, and his graduate student Jacob Harris, say in an email to Science that «a reassignment of agency based on nothing more than another look by the experts is not appropriate».
None of us expected that,» says
paleoanthropologist Michael Westaway of Griffith
University, Nathan, in Australia, a co-author on the Willerslev paper.
Roberts co-led the study with archaeologist colleague Thomas Sutikna (who also helped coordinate the 2003 dig), and Matthew Tocheri, a
paleoanthropologist at Lakehead
University in Thunder Bay, Canada.
Terry Harrison, a
paleoanthropologist at New York
University, questioned in Nature whether Ardi was even a member of the human lineage or just an ape «among the tangled branches» of a much larger bush.
«Sediba is too late to sit on the lineage,» says
paleoanthropologist Tim White of the
University of California, Berkeley.
Despite the age and unprecedented completeness of the new ape skull, no reported tooth or skull features clearly place N. alesi close to the origins of living apes and humans, says
paleoanthropologist David Begun of the
University of Toronto.
«Sex happens,» says Erik Trinkaus, a
paleoanthropologist at Washington
University in St. Louis.
«More experimental work on bone damage caused by big, hungry crocs is also critical,» says coauthor Tim White, a
paleoanthropologist at the
University of California, Berkeley.
Charles Hildebolt, a
paleoanthropologist at Washington
University in St. Louis, has also been working on the Flores material and has obtained his own CT scans.
Paleoanthropologist John Hawks of the
University of Wisconsin - Madison, who was present when Henneberg made his case, notes on his blog that Brown's CT scan «has rather poor resolution (typical of medical CT scans), and cuts through the lingual cusps of the lower M1, not the buccal (cheek) cusps which appear to have been most affected by the irregularity.»
«It confirms this idea that our lineage, Homo, is a response to climate change,» says Brian Villmoare, a
paleoanthropologist at the
University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
«Dmanisi was a good place to die,» says Martha Tappen, a
paleoanthropologist at the
University of Minnesota and part of the Dmanisi team since 2001.
Paleoanthropologist Peter Brown of the
University of New England in Armidale, Australia, who led the initial analysis of LB1, says his own photograph of the occlusal (chewing) surface «shows there is no filling.
Sahle's group expanded on research previously conducted by
paleoanthropologist Jackson Njau of Indiana
University Bloomington.
Studies of DNA from living Africans, and from the 2,000 - year - old African boy, so far indicate that at least several branches of Homo — some not yet identified by fossils — existed in Africa roughly 300,000 years ago, says
paleoanthropologist John Hawks of the
University of Wisconsin — Madison, a member of the H. naledi team who refrains from classifying Jebel Irhoud individuals as H. sapiens.
«Ardi seems to have been able to bridge both worlds,» says
paleoanthropologist Carol Ward of the
University of Missouri in Columbia, who was not part of the team.
University of Toronto
paleoanthropologist David Begun is one of the skeptics.
But its discoverer,
paleoanthropologist Lee Berger of the
University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, says that the known A. sediba skeletons might simply be late examples of the species.
Owen Lovejoy, a
paleoanthropologist at Kent State
University, has spent his career studying the fossils of early hominids.
«If you put a hundred strange chimpanzees in a room, there would be bloodshed,» says Steven Churchill, a
paleoanthropologist at Duke
University.
However, the hominin bones have been stored in a safe in the armory and so far show no visible damage, says
paleoanthropologist Lorenzo Rook of the
University of Florence in Italy, who delivered the letter to the Italian ministry last Friday.
The lead researcher,
paleoanthropologist Peter Brown of the
University of New England in Australia, says his jaw dropped when he realized what he was looking at.
That debate may continue, but the one about Ata's extraterrestrial origins should definitely end, says William Jungers, a
paleoanthropologist and anatomist at the State
University of New York in Stony Brook's School of Medicine.
There's «no evidence» that these or other known species «persisted that late» in mainland Asia, says
paleoanthropologist Russell Ciochon of the
University of Iowa in Iowa City.
It was «a lineage that existed for 1 million years or more and we missed it,» says co-author John Hawks, a
paleoanthropologist at the
University of Wisconsin in Madison.
After originating in Africa possibly around 300,000 years ago and inhabiting areas close to the Middle East (SN: 7/8/17, p. 6), H. sapiens likely first reached the Middle East more than 200,000 years ago, proposes an international team of
paleoanthropologists led by Quam, Israel Hershkovitz of Tel Aviv
University and Gerhard Weber of the
University of Vienna.
In an analysis of the remarkably complete hands,
paleoanthropologist Tracy Kivell of the
University of Kent in the United Kingdom found that bones in the wrist were shaped like those in modern humans, suggesting that the palm at the base of the thumb was quite stiff.
Adds
paleoanthropologist David Begun of the
University of Toronto in Canada: «It will allow us to begin to identify genetic changes specific to humans since our divergence from chimps.»
To look at the teeth and jaws of the hominins at Dmanisi is to see a mouthful of pain, says Ann Margvelashvili, a postdoc in the lab of
paleoanthropologist Marcia Ponce de León at the
University of Zurich in Switzerland and the Georgian National Museum in Tbilisi.
«I have a big question mark about the dates,» says
paleoanthropologist Randall White of New York
University, co-author of a paper published earlier this year in the Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française that challenged the reliability of this dating method.
Perhaps venturing into new territory allowed the hominins to hunt prey that would not have known to fear and flee humans, suggests
paleoanthropologist Robin Dennell of the
University of Exeter in the United Kingdom.
Francis Thackeray, a
paleoanthropologist at the
University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, says he «strongly suspects» Teilhard de Chardin was in on the hoax.
A date would also illuminate whether the fossils represent an ancient population or an isolated relic that persisted until fairly recently, says
paleoanthropologist Bernard Wood of George Washington
University in Washington, D.C.
But where it really fit in our family tree «hinged on the date,» says
paleoanthropologist William Kimbel of Arizona State
University in Tempe.
In another study,
paleoanthropologist William Jungers of Stony Brook
University in New York studied the foot of the hobbit and found it, true to its namesake, strikingly large relative to the size of the body, with very short big toes.