Sentences with phrase «upregulation after»

Citation: Chrostek E, Marialva MSP, Yamada R, O'Neill SL, Teixeira L (2014) High Anti-Viral Protection without Immune Upregulation after Interspecies Wolbachia Transfer.

In addition, we also examined whether Acks upregulation after neural activation begins earlier under a higher temperature, because the temperature in the hot defensive bee ball rises to almost 47 °C [6], [16].

Not exact matches

The researchers from the study group were able to show that upregulation of the growth factor VEGF - B, which is related to VEGF - A, in the primary tumor in the bowel prior to treatment was associated with a poorer prognosis, whereas upregulation of VEGF - B in the liver metastases after treatment was associated with a better prognosis.

Immune upregulation has been shown to occur after transfer of Wolbachia into a new insect species [29]--[35].

Certain particle compounds may directly generate ROS in vivo because of their surface chemistry (eg, metals, organic compounds, and semiquinones) or after bioactivation by cytochrome P450 systems (eg, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon conversion to quinones).6, 290 a, 290 b A particle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation of endogenous cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constituents.

Consistent with having a lower temperature tolerance, longfin smelt exhibited a pronounced cellular stress response, with an upregulation of heat shock proteins, after exposure to 20 °C that was not observed in delta smelt.