Sentences with phrase «upwelling surface»

And the stars» upwelling surfaces, on the other hand, make the photons shift slightly blue.

Not exact matches

The fog is a gift of the Pacific Ocean's California Current where winds create upwellings that bring cold, deep, nutrient - rich waters to the surface.

Even as phytoplankton blooms sequester new carbon, the upwelling of deep, subsurface water currents in the region bring old, once - sequestered carbon back to the surface waters, allowing for exchange with the atmosphere.

But because Jupiter lacks a solid surface, the upwelling probably works in a completely different way than on Earth.

This happened in two steps: First, in the Antarctic zone of the Southern Ocean, a reduction in wind - driven upwelling and vertical mixing brought less deep carbon to the surface.

In these areas, deep ocean waters that are naturally rich in carbon dioxide are upwelling and mixing with surface waters that are absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

The waters probed during this study, known as the California Current, are a hot spot of ocean acidification because of coastal upwelling, which brings naturally acidic waters to the surface, where they are made even more acidic by greenhouse gas pollution.

«This stability is directly linked to and controlled by mantle upwelling,» or the release of heat from Earth's core through the mantle to the surface.

Without the periodic upwelling of cold water associated with La Niña, warm water would cover most of the surface of the Pacific, releasing its heat into an atmosphere already warming because of climate change.

Because the upwelled waters ran along the surface for a longer period of time, nutrients spent more time near the surface of the ocean where phytoplankton could feed on them for longer.

These upwelling events also push nutrients to the surface to help support kelp forests and productive fisheries.

Average ocean surface pH is expected to drop to about 7.8 off the West Coast by 2050, and could drop further during coastal upwelling periods.

«Areas of greatest vulnerability will likely be where deep waters, naturally low in pH, meet acidified surface waters,» such as areas of coastal upwelling along the West Coast and in estuary environments such Hood Canal, the new study predicts.

These sites tended to experience intermittent upwelling that supplies nutrients to surface waters, spurring blooms of algae and providing plenty of food for the filter - feeding mussels.

«For example,» said Conrad, «the Pangaea supercontinent formed and broke apart at the surface, but we think that the upwelling locations in the mantle have remained relatively constant despite this activity.»

More importantly, Clinton Conrad, Associate Professor of Geology at the University of Hawaii — Manoa's School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) and colleagues revealed that these upwelling locations have remained remarkably stable over geologic time, despite dramatic reconfigurations of tectonic plate motions and continental locations on the Earth's surface.

Because plate motions are merely the surface expression of the underlying dynamics of the Earth's mantle, Conrad and his colleagues were able to infer that upwelling flow in the mantle must also remain stable over geologic time.

Inspired by dynamic shifts in pH due to upwelling — the movement of nutrient - rich water toward the ocean surface — the researchers took urchins from the Santa Barbara Channel and brought them into the lab.

That kept deep, nutrient - rich water from reaching the surface — an upwelling that serves as «a kind of turbo boost to the ecosystem,» Parrish says.

This moves water away from the coast, causing upwellings that bring cold, nutrient - rich water from the ocean floor to the surface, where it feeds innumerable microorganisms and algae.

This moves some surface water aside and brings deeper water up to replace it, creating a miniature upwelling.

«Our goal was to figure out how we could use this distribution of volcano compositions at the surface to reverse - engineer how these components are distributed inside this upwelling mantle plume at depth,» Jackson said.

With the removal of the warm surface waters, an upwelling current is created in the east Pacific Ocean, bringing cold water up from deeper levels.

Thus, off South America, cold water is not brought to the surface as efficiently by upwelling.

One explanation (ix) conceived in the 1980s invokes more stratification, less upwelling of carbon and nutrient - rich waters to the surface of the Southern Ocean and increased carbon storage at depth during glacial times.

Upwelling — or deep ocean water rising to the surface following north winds off the Washington coast — was carrying acidic water to the surface.

The circulating boiling pattern — convection — appears as large regions of hot upwelling gas on the star's surface.

Occasionally, upwelling events increase the productivity in these ocean deserts: Oceanic eddies transport deep - water containing high concentrations of nitrate, phosphate and silicate, towards the surface.

Overlaying social factors, levels of agricultural runoff, local pollution and upwelling, a natural ocean process that brings more corrosive deep ocean water to the surface, helps tease out regional differences in vulnerability.

Like Monterey Canyon to the north the canyon provides cold, nutrient - rich water to the surface during upwelling events.

Upwelling sucks cold nutrient - rich water that normally lies at the bottom of the ocean to the surface, providing food for hundreds of species.

Further south lies the rocky outcrop of Koh Bon Island with regular manta ray sightings especially between February and April when upwelling currents concentrate planktonic food near the surface.

Under normal conditions upwelling of cold CO2 - rich water from depth leads to outgassing when upwelled water warms at the surface.

The first is to emphasize your point that degassing of CO2 from the oceans is not simply a matter of warmer water reducing CO2 solubility, and that important additional factors include changes in wind patterns, reduction in sea ice cover to reveal a larger surface for gas escape, and upwelling of CO2 from depths consequent to the changing climate patterns.

When air surface temperatures are higher than the surface water temperature, then then the upwelling water will pick up energy from the air.

In general, the regions of expanding warming upwelling water in the Indian Ocean, North Pacific, or wherever they are, must create slight bulges in the surface, and the regions of shrinking, cooling, sinking water in the Arctic must create slight depressions in the sea surface (again, I mean in a very low pass sense — obviously storms, tides, etc, create all kinds of short - terms signals obscuring this).

In the context of the real atmosphere, an observer looking down from space will see Planckian radiation upwelling at the surface temperature for those wavelengths where the air is very transparent.

Alright, how about winds resulting in the upwelling of deep water and the downwelling of surface water?

Well, this cools the tropics and cuts in to the potential for a super greenhouse effect where the rate of downwelling longwave increases relative to surface temperature more rapidly than upwelling longwave.

Thus, it can be speculated that water carried to the surface by upwelling during positive dipole events is becoming colder and results in a colder EEIO during positive events in recent decades.

At the same time, the accelerated trade winds have increased equatorial upwelling in the central and eastern Pacific, lowering sea surface temperature there, which drives further cooling in other regions.

There is CO2 continually leaving the ocean and entering the atmosphere in places where ocean upwelling brings carbon - rich waters to the surface.

Upwelling in the northwest Indian Ocean provides sufficient surface productivity to provide an excess of organic matter to sediments on the continental slope of the Arabian Peninsula where the oxygen minimum zone intersects the slope.

The wind driven coastal upwellings are a tiny fraction of the ocean surface and volume.

This freshwater creates a lens on the Gulf surface as well as the cooling effects of coastal upwelling due to wind stress.

When upwelling brings cold water to the ocean's surface, cooling the atmosphere, where is that heat lost from the atmosphere «hiding»?

There is an increase rather than a decrease in upwelling radiation, because the radiation is coming from a warmer surface and troposphere.

Eventually, the cold bottom waters returm to the surface through mixing and wind - driven upwelling, continuing the conveyor belt that encircles the globe.

Pete Best, If you have more cold water upwelling than normal, that is that much more heat going into the ocean just to maintain the surface temperature.

It's always worth remembering that the other end of the AMOC involves two main factors: (1) vorticity - mixing of heat from surface waters into the deep abyssal ocean (which decreases density causing the Atlantic Deep Water to start rising above the colder Antarctic Bottom Water) and (2) the wind - driven upwelling around the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.