Sentences with phrase «urbanization effects in»

Jones et al. (1990) have assessed the urbanization effects in time series of surface air temperature over land areas in European parts of the CIS, eastern Australia, and eastern China.

Other Relevant Notes: On 18 February 2008, Professor Jones (Lead author of the 1990 Nature paper) sent me a manuscript, «Urbanization effects in large ‐ scale temperature records, with an emphasis on China» which was recently submitted to J. Geophysical Research for publication.

Jones has revisited China in a JGR 2008 article «Urbanization effects in large - scale temperature records, with an emphasis on China», saying «Urban - related warming over China is shown to be about 0.1 °C decade − 1 over the period 1951 — 2004.»

Not exact matches

Clifford Nass and I have demonstrated a significant negative relation between government expenditures and rates of Protestant church membership in 1950 and 1980, taking states as the unit of analysis.12 This effect appears to hold when other factors influencing church membership, such as religious composition, urbanization, region, and migration, are held constant.

Opening a two - day High - Level Expert Forum on How to Feed the World in 2050 Diouf told the 300 delegates that over the next 40 years: «The combined effect of population growth, strong income growth and urbanization... is expected to result in almost the doubling of demand for food, feed and fibre.»

«This work makes us think that increasing urbanization and rising temperatures associated with global climate change could lead to increases in scale insect populations, which could have correspondingly negative effects on trees like the red maple,» Dale says.

A documentary series focusing on the effects of urbanization, social marginalization and economic disparities in Lurie's native South Africa, is about to go on show in a solo exhibition in London.

Wu is a Taiwanese conceptual artist and associate professor at the National Kaohsiung Normal University, whose practice focuses on environmental issues and the effects of urbanization in Taiwan.

Sciencecodex: A recent study indicated that the urbanization in eastern China has significant impact on the observed surface warming and the temporal - spatial variations of urbanization effect have been comprehensively detected.

In addition, using the techniques of Karl et al. (1988), NCDC generated temperature files in which the biases introduced by urbanization effects were removeIn addition, using the techniques of Karl et al. (1988), NCDC generated temperature files in which the biases introduced by urbanization effects were removein which the biases introduced by urbanization effects were removed.

Perhaps a change in instrument during the 1916 - 1984 time - period occurred that would affect this urbanization effect; I can't imagine the same instrument has been operating since 1916 and I would suspect the instruments have been better designed to deal with heating up from solar exposure so they would probably record cooler temperatures than the older instruments.

Just a simple experiment I did a while ago trying to show that urbanization (which can have even in my own yard) distinct effects on temperature.

Unlike many data sets that have been used in past climate studies, these data have been adjusted to remove biases introduced by station moves, instrument changes, time - of - observation differences, and urbanization effects.

In 2007, I published a peer - reviewed paper alleging that some important research relied upon by the IPCC (for the treatment of urbanization effects) was fraudulent.

In addition, the higher GDP also contributes to urbanization as a feedback effect.

Urbanization, energy use and greenhouse effects in economic development: Results from a cross-national study of developing countries.

Urbanization is on the rise; so is the urban heat island effect — a situation that is worsening with the decline of tree cover in U.S. metropolitan areas

The effects of urbanization and climate change are converging in dangerous ways.

One such premise revolved around a cause and effect relationship between urbanization causing difficulties in absorbing poor from rural areas, increased squatter settlements and poor infrastructure, and leading to a hotbed of political activity and a fertile ground for communist organizing.

In effect, they created a «consensus» on urbanization bias which coincided with their own views.

So theoretically, I suppose, (i realize this is a toy model) as Urbanization encroaches on the site (walls get built, asphalt floor) one would see increasing trends in UHI, and as density went up, you see increases, to a point, Then then the only thing left that can increase are the lid effects

Regardless of what conclusions were drawn about the 277 sites that didn't show an «urbanization effect», Parker did conclude that there is detectable UHI in communities as small as Barrow, Alaska.

On calm days, I expect both the UHI effect and the NSTI to be operating in full force: whatever heating is provided by the urbanization will be operating without being blown away; and whatever cooling is provided by the NSTI will also be protected by the stratification of the boundary layer.

Karl, T., et al., (1988), Urbanization: Its Detection and Effect in the United States Climate Record.

Clearly the effects of urbanization have considerably exacerbated the warming experienced by the large majority of the Chinese population in comparison with the warming that they would have experienced as a result of external forcing alone.

This yielded apparent confirmation in expected directions: a distinct effect for urbanization class in the expected direction; of ratings in the expected direction; and of max - min in the expected direction.

Urbanization, energy use and greenhouse effects in economic development.

... The uncertainties given by RSOA due to data gaps and random errors (Figure 1a) were augmented using published estimates of global uncertainties associated with urbanization effects (e.g. Jones et al., 1990),... We assume that the global average LAT uncertainty increased from zero in 1900 to 0.1 °C in 1990 (Jones et al, 1990), a value we extrapolate to 0.12 °C in 2000 (Figure 1a).

The period of most rapid warming in Europe occurred between 1890 and 1950, and there is quantitative evidence that some of the observed warming during this 60 yr period may be related to urbanization or other local effect; no warming was observed in the most recent half century.

A problem that arises in the context of attributing any effect to CO2 is that since the end of the Little Ice Age, a natural warming has possibly increased the temperature monotonically, anthropogenic CO2 has increased monotonically, and deforestation and urbanization have increased monotonically.

Valid reasons include adjustments for changes in the time - of - day of the reading, changes to the instrument's location or type, and urbanization effects.

In addition to offering areas for recreation and benefits to mental and physical health, urban green spaces «filter large amounts of water after heavy rainfall and soften the effects of heat waves or other extreme events,» according to the agency, whose recent assessment on urban ecosystems concluded that «with the right policies and tools, urbanization does not need to be a threat to biodiversity in cities and beyond.&raquIn addition to offering areas for recreation and benefits to mental and physical health, urban green spaces «filter large amounts of water after heavy rainfall and soften the effects of heat waves or other extreme events,» according to the agency, whose recent assessment on urban ecosystems concluded that «with the right policies and tools, urbanization does not need to be a threat to biodiversity in cities and beyond.&raquin cities and beyond.»

JC: They rely on readings from surface thermometers, but those have often been affected by developments like urbanization and deforestation, so they are not a precise proxy for what's going on in the atmosphere, where greenhouse gases are supposed to have their largest effect.

Ku, W. Solecki, J. Cox, C. Small, C. Rosenzweig, R. Goldberg, K. Knowlton, and P. Kinney, 2007: Estimating the effects of increased urbanization on surface meteorology and ozone concentrations in the New York City metropolitan region.

We assume that Chylek (2008) is right to find transient and equilibrium climate sensitivity near - identical; that allof the warming from 1980 - 2005 was anthropogenic; that the IPCC's values for forcings and feedbacks are correct; and, in line 2, that McKitrick is right that the insufficiently - corrected heat - island effect of rapid urbanization since 1980 has artificially doubled the true rate of temperature increase in the major global datasets.

In the blogpost above you also omit the effect of urbanization, which can partially explain why nighttemperatures increase more tha daytemperatures.

Inhomogeneities in the data arise mainly due to changes in instruments, exposure, station location (elevation, position), ship height, observation time, urbanization effects, and the method used to calculate averages.