Use of biofuels such as ethanol or biodiesel could also play an important role in saving fossil fuels.
Not exact matches
According to Lupardo, both the stalk and seed from hemp can be
used in the production
of a variety
of goods including textiles, building materials, paper, food, and environmental products
such as
biofuels.
The
biofuels mandate would require all petroleum - based heating oil sold in the state to contain 2 percent or more
of soybean oil and / or spent vegetable oils,
such as those
used in frying foods, a supposed effort to reduce greenhouse gases.
But it's hard to get excited about
biofuels when they already have
such a bad rep.. The
use of corn and sugar in fuels has driven up the cost
of food by a whopping 75 percent worldwide, according to a recent report by the World Bank.
These include the ability to bring new, innovative products to the market; progress in oncology,
such as the approval
of Genentech's drug Avastin for breast cancer and advances in the
use of gene therapy, despite some setbacks; continuing progress in research on stem cells; the emergence
of treatments for previously untreated diseases; and solutions for food and fuel shortages,
such as biocrops and
biofuels.
Boeing has tested two
such «vegetable - based
biofuels» with this antifreezing property in the General Electric jet engines
used on many
of its 747 aircraft, Daggett says.
The Navy's effort extends beyond just
biofuels,
of course, and includes projects
such as lightening loads for U.S. marines by
using solar cells to replace heavy batteries.
Still missing from consideration are the cost differences between electric vehicles and those with internal combustion engines, as well as other possible environmental effects
of biofuel technology
such as increased air pollution and water
use.
For example, the metabolically engineered microbes that are sometimes
used to produce
biofuels and chemicals are currently subject to genetically modified organism (GMO) regulations, while the molecules they produce are subject to chemical regulations
such as the Toxic Substances Control Act in the United States and the regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction
of Chemicals (REACH) in Europe.
Materials
such as carbon - coated magnets, which can be
used as catalysts in biorefineries — say, in the production
of biofuels — have been produced in the reactor.
In writing about the
use of second - generation biomass,
such as plant waste and paper, to produce
biofuels, Helen Knight did...
«It takes 77 million years to make fossil fuels and 45 minutes to
use as a coffee cup,» says Cereplast's Scheer, noting that his industry can
use the residue
of government - mandated production
of biofuels,
such as ethanol from corn.
The team focused on yeast in part because
of its important modern - day applications; yeasts are
used to convert the sugars
of biomass feedstocks into
biofuels such as ethanol and industrial chemicals
such as lactic acid, or to break down organic pollutants.
As
such, it can be
used to control a visual response, described here, or a trait
of interest (e.g., flowering time,
biofuel trait).
Being able to analyze samples in
such conditions enables a whole new range
of studies,
such as characterizing materials for carbon sequestration, developing solid catalysts and their action to produce
biofuels, optimizing food industry processes, and studying how a disease progresses
using intact biological tissues.
In recent work, Brian Fox and colleagues at the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center at the University
of Wisconsin - Madison characterized glycoside hydrolases, enzymes that digest cellulose and can be
used to turn plants
such as switch grass into
biofuels.
The aim is to
use these organisms to generate useful new products,
such as drugs,
biofuels, and new types
of enzymes.
We will seek to avoid the following: • Bonds that finance projects with substantial sustainability concerns
such as first - generation
biofuels, waste - to - energy plants
using toxic substances, or projects that prolong fossil fuel dependence
such as refurbishment
of coal power plants.
While biodiesel from
used restaurant grease is great and would ideally be
of a scale that would
use all
such waste, I have yet to see how
biofuels will work well on a large scale as an industry in a global market.
This is the new face
of the old threat — that new land - based mitigation techniques,
such as biochar, bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and other types
of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) geoengineering approaches, as well as old «solutions» like
biofuels, will compete with the
use of land to feed people.
A recent study suggests the volatility
of U.S. corn prices is more sensitive to near - term climate change than to energy policy influences or to
use of agricultural products for energy production,
such as
biofuel.22
The Government
of Canada is supporting a three - year project that will result in the construction
of a $ 19 - million, demonstration - scale facility in Alberta that will
use algae to recycle industrial carbon dioxide emissions from an oil sands facility into commercial products
such as
biofuels.
Consequently, the policy encourages the
use of better
biofuels, biogas, and electricity, while disincentivizing dirtier sources,
such as tar sands.
Getting greenhouse gas emissions to 60 percent below the 1990 level will require four types
of measures: aggressive energy efficiency, aggressive electrification, decarbonizing electricity (
such as by
using renewable energy sources) and decarbonizing the remaining fuel supply (
such as by
using biofuels).
Increase the
use of clean fuels,
such as
biofuels and electricity, to reduce oil
use and the carbon emissions associated with transportation fuels.
Washington is already producing
such low - carbon
biofuels, but has the potential to produce significantly more:
used cooking oil, animal fat, canola, and cellulosic sources
such as hybrid poplar trees could collectively generate hundreds
of millions
of gallons
of clean fuels every year.
95 The case for crop - based
biofuels was further undermined when a team led by Paul Crutzen, a Nobel Prize — winning chemist at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Germany, concluded that emissions
of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, from the synthetic nitrogen fertilizer
used to grow crops
such as corn and rapeseed for
biofuel production can negate any net reductions
of CO2 emissions from replacing fossil fuels with
biofuels, thus making
biofuels a threat to climate stability.
Researchers from South Dakota School
of Mines & Technology (SDSMT) are heading a project to to investigate methane cycling in deep and extreme environments and to develop new biological routes
using previously unexplored and novel microorganisms from extreme environments for converting methane into value - added products
such as liquid
biofuels, biopolymers,... Read more →
Cellulosic ethanol proponents have pushed the idea
of using farm waste as a way to boost
biofuel production without impacting food crops, but
such conversion may carry a hidden cost in areas with insufficient rainfall or lacking irrigation, warns a soil scientist from Washington State University.
«The findings
of this research will be
used by organizations
such as the US Environmental Protection Agency, European Commission and California Air Resources Board to more fully account for greenhouse gas emissions and their uncertainties from
biofuel produced from palm oil.
Uncommitted policies (S2), the second type, may lack detailed implementation plans or firm financial support, but have all been proposed,
such as new efficient and zero net energy building targets, construction
of the high - speed rail system, and initiatives by various agencies to, for example, increase
biofuels use and continue progress in improving vehicle efficiency.
The scale
of land
use and other environmental impacts necessary to power the world on
biofuels or many other renewables are
such that we doubt they provide a sound pathway to a zero - carbon low - footprint future.
The result is that the two most positive provisions
of the energy bill — a clean energy mandate and a tax package reining in handouts for fossil fuels and promoting clean energy — are being removed while detrimental provisions,
such as a radical five-fold increase in unsustainable
biofuel use, remain.
Instead
of feeding cereals to livestock, the report recommends «recycling food wastes and deploying new technologies, aimed at producing
biofuels, to produce sugars from discards
such as straw and even nutshells could be a key environmentally - friendly alternative to increased
use of cereals for livestock.»
The idea now is for entrepreneurial firm, Macquarie Oils, to annually turn the seeds into 5 million litres
of biofuel, for
use by large corporate customers
such as Hydro Tasmania and Metro Buses.