Participants» diets were evaluated
using a dietary questionnaire.
They used dietary questionnaires to estimate sodium intake.
Not exact matches
Parents filled out
questionnaires assessing eating behaviours, such as watching television while eating,
dietary intake, parental concerns about activity levels and growth, screen time and
use of supplements.
These findings may not be generalizable — nearly all the participants were well - educated white adults, and the
use of
dietary questionnaires and self - reported weight measurement may have introduced measurement errors.
For both studies,
dietary fibre intake was measured
using Food Frequency
Questionnaire responses.
«This is an interesting and important study, both because of its size and because of the
use of objective measurements of blood - borne fatty acids known to depend to a large extent on eating habits, rather than relying on data from
dietary questionnaires.
In order to assess
dietary intake, most epidemiological studies
use Food Frequency
Questionnaires, or FFQs.
In all the studies,
dietary magnesium levels were established making
use of a 24 - hour
dietary recall or a food frequency
questionnaire.
The strengths of this study include its population - based sample, high participation rate, and
use of a GI - and carbohydrate - validated FFQ to collect
dietary information, and detailed
questionnaires that permitted careful assessment of potential confounding variables.
Although the Lim team found no relationship between
dietary intake of preformed retinol and fracture risk, it only
used one one - week food frequency
questionnaire (FFQ), 13 whereas the 1998 Melhus study
used four one - week FFQs, 7 and the Nurses» Health Study
used five one - week FFQs.
The Swedish Mammography Cohort was a community based observational study that
used dietary recall
questionnaires to estimate dairy product intake and compared that to weight changes.
Reason # 1: The study asked people to recall their food intake
using a
questionnaire at the beginning of the study, which is problematic because
dietary recall
questionnaires are notoriously inaccurate.
Students are required to submit an in - depth outline of the intake process, interviewing method, coaching skills
used, a copy of the forms /
questionnaires used, and all
dietary / lifestyle recommendations including follow up schedule, and plans for client adherence.
Moreover, the
use of
dietary questionnaires and self - reported weight measurement may have introduced measurement errors into this study and, although the researchers accounted for some key lifestyle factors that are likely to affect weight, individuals who increased their fruit and vegetable intake and lost weight may have shared other unknown characteristics that were actually responsible for their weight loss.
Participants were asked to report the hours spent per week on moderate (eg, brisk walking) and vigorous (eg, strenuous sports and jogging) exercise, then the total hours of metabolic equivalent tasks per week were estimated on the basis of the metabolic equivalent task score assigned to each activity.15
Dietary variables were assessed
using a validated semiquantitative food frequency
questionnaire.12 Mental health was assessed
using the 36 - Item Short - Form Health Survey in the 1996
questionnaire.
The participants were also asked to (a) complete a physical activity and nutritional
questionnaire, (b) complete a
dietary log for 48 hours before experimental trials, (c) maintain a normal diet, (d) refrain from alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine consumption at least 48 hours before testing sessions, (e) refrain from
use of pain reliever and analgesics for the duration of the study, and (f) not participate in any vigorous physical activity 48 hours before testing sessions.
Dietary validation studies have indicated that the frequency of coffee consumption reported on a food frequency
questionnaire is highly reproducible and agrees well with assessments
using diet records (15).
Dietary data were collected from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), a valid and reliable measure of estimated food and beverage consumption (Rogers and Emmett 1998); The FFQ was used to assess (a) mother's reported dietary patterns at 32 weeks gestation («pregnancy»), and (b) what the mother reported feeding her child at 38 months of age («3 years&r
Dietary data were collected from the Food Frequency
Questionnaire (FFQ), a valid and reliable measure of estimated food and beverage consumption (Rogers and Emmett 1998); The FFQ was
used to assess (a) mother's reported
dietary patterns at 32 weeks gestation («pregnancy»), and (b) what the mother reported feeding her child at 38 months of age («3 years&r
dietary patterns at 32 weeks gestation («pregnancy»), and (b) what the mother reported feeding her child at 38 months of age («3 years»).