But the new work shows no clear change in the overall numbers of such storms when run on future climates predicted
using global climate models.
There are also some detection — attribution studies
using global climate models that suggest there was a detectable influence of solar variability in the first half of the twentieth century and that the solar radiative forcing variations were amplified by some mechanism that is, as yet, unknown.
Using global climate models, the researchers mapped current and projected future «wet - bulb» temperatures, which reflect the combined effects of heat and humidity (the measurement is made by draping a water - saturated cloth over the bulb of a conventional thermometer; it does not correspond directly to air temperature alone).
Using global climate models and the various IS92 emissions scenarios, the SAR projected the future average global surface temperature change to 2100 (Figure 4).
Studies of climate change
using global climate models with a focus on changes in the hydrological cycle.
Using global climate models is a way that scientists can size up climate outcomes using inputs of historical measurements and estimates of future conditions, depending on whether greenhouse gases are held steady, increase, or decline.
Using global climate models and NASA satellite observations of Earth's energy budget from the last 15 years, the study finds that a warming Earth is able to restore its temperature equilibrium through complex and seemingly paradoxical changes in the atmosphere and the way radiative heat is transported.
There are more than a dozen widely
used global climate models today, and despite the fact that they are constantly being upgraded, they have already proved successful in predicting seasonal rainfall averages and tracking temperature changes.
The research team
used a global climate model to measure present - day conditions (1975 through 2004) and future scenarios (2071 through 2100), both at daytime and at night.
Using a global climate model, a team led by Princeton University researchers measured how severely heat waves interact with urban heat islands, now and in the future, in 50 American cities across three climate zones.
Ballantyne and coauthors from Northwestern University, the University of Colorado and the National Center for Atmospheric Research
used a global climate model to investigate the amplification of Arctic temperatures in Earth's past.
Elisabetta Pierazzo of the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona, and colleagues
used a global climate model to study how water vapour and sea salt thrown up from an impact will affect ozone levels for years after the event.
Scientists have developed and
used Global Climate Models (GCMs) to simulate the global climate and make projections of future AT and other climatic variables under different carbon emission scenarios in the 21st century.
The goal of the Integrated Scenarios project is to
use the global climate models to describe as accurately as possible what the latest science says about the Northwest's future climate.
A recent meta - analysis published in the journal Nature Climate Change, by Challinor et al. (2014) examines 1,722 crop model simulations, run
using global climate model output under several emissions scenarios, to evaluate the potential effects of climate change and adaptation on crop yield.
Using a global climate model coupled with an ocean and a sea - ice model, we compare the effects of doubling CO2 and halving CO2 on sea - ice cover and connections with the atmosphere and ocean.
Nature also published a supporting companion article by the late Dr. Stephen Schneider, who
used a global climate model to create a futuristic scenario that if CO2 doubled it «could» raise the clouds and «perhaps» cause a harmful drying effect.
We use global climate model simulations to estimate the distribution of ecologically - relevant climate changes resulting from forest loss in two hotspot regions: western North America (wNA), which is experiencing accelerated dieoff, and the Amazon basin, which is subject to high rates of deforestation.
Using a global climate model they show that the adjusted troposphere and stratosphere radiative forcing is consistent with the stratospheric adjusted forcing for more uniform forcings such as doubling CO2 and solar constant changes.
Using global climate model simulations that replicated the ocean basins and landmasses of this period, it appears that changes in ocean circulation due to warming played a key role.
Not exact matches
For projections of future temperature and precipitation during the near future (2021 - 2050) and the far future (2071 - 2100), the researchers
used 11 different
global climate models.
They
used this data compilation to evaluate the quality of their regional atmospheric
climate model, based on
global climate projections that included several scenarios of anticipated
climate change.
Previous research has suggested a connection between coal - burning and the Sahel drought, but this was the first study that
used decades of historical observations to find that this drought was part of a
global shift in tropical rainfall, and then
used multiple
climate models to determine why.
Using multiple
climate models and hundreds of terabytes of data, NASA has projected
global temperatures and rainfall around the world from 2050 until 2100.
The goals of the project include reconstructing extreme
climate changes from the recent past (1894 - 2014),
using historically referenced data to assess near - future
global climate model projections, and to ultimately
use this analysis to investigate ecological problems in Chesapeake Bay, such as eelgrass diebacks.
Smith and his former research assistant Andrew Mizrahi
used a PNNL computer
model, the Global Change Assessment Model, or GCAM, to evaluate the impact of reducing soot and methane emissions on Earth's cli
model, the
Global Change Assessment
Model, or GCAM, to evaluate the impact of reducing soot and methane emissions on Earth's cli
Model, or GCAM, to evaluate the impact of reducing soot and methane emissions on Earth's
climate.
Three approaches were
used to evaluate the outstanding «carbon budget» (the total amount of CO2 emissions compatible with a given
global average warming) for 1.5 °C: re-assessing the evidence provided by complex Earth System
Models, new experiments with an intermediate - complexity
model, and evaluating the implications of current ranges of uncertainty in
climate system properties
using a simple
model.
The
model has already been integrated into the next generation of the
global land
model used for
climate simulations by the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, a major national
climate modeling center.
«The result is not a surprise, but if you look at the
global climate models that have been
used to analyze what the planet looked like 20,000 years ago — the same
models used to predict
global warming in the future — they are doing, on average, a very good job reproducing how cold it was in Antarctica,» said first author Kurt Cuffey, a glaciologist at the University of California, Berkeley, and professor of geography and of earth and planetary sciences.
The next step, Fabel says, is to
use climate models to see whether the events would replay themselves if
global warming shuts down the Atlantic conveyor once again.
Climate models, it says, «can neither confirm that global warming is occurring now, or predict future climate changes», and yet «have been used to frame the debate&
Climate models, it says, «can neither confirm that
global warming is occurring now, or predict future
climate changes», and yet «have been used to frame the debate&
climate changes», and yet «have been
used to frame the debate».
Traditionally, the United States and other countries have
used satellites to measure emissions in a general way, to be
used in
global climate models.
«Being based on
climate records, this approach avoids any biases that might affect the sophisticated computer
models that are commonly
used for understanding
global warming.»
So it is not surprising that while the inure than a dozen major
global climate models in
use around the world tend to agree on the broadest phenomena, they differ wildly when it comes to regional effects.
To
model a world of ebbing and flowing burns, Krawchuk took historic fire data then mapped it forward
using 16
models of changing
climates from 2010 on, what the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change calls global climate models
Climate Change calls
global climate models
climate models (GCM).
Although computer
models used to project
climate changes from increasing greenhouse gas concentrations consistently simulate an increasing upward airflow in the tropics with
global warming, this flow can not be directly observed.
«Most
climate models that incorporate vegetation are built on short - term observations, for example of photosynthesis, but they are
used to predict long - term events,» said Bond - Lamberty, who works at the Joint
Global Change Research Institute, a collaboration between PNNL and the University of Maryland in College Park, Md. «We need to understand forests in the long term, but forests change slowly and researchers don't live that long.»
If only modest action is taken to reign in greenhouse gas emissions, the
model predicts that pikas will disappear from about 75 percent of sites by 2070 (51 to 88 percent, depending on the
global climate model used).
The
global climate models assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which are used to project global and regional climate change, are coarse resolution models based on a roughly 100 - kilometer or 62 - mile grid, to simulate ocean and atmospheric dy
climate models assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC), which are used to project global and regional climate change, are coarse resolution models based on a roughly 100 - kilometer or 62 - mile grid, to simulate ocean and atmospheric dy
Climate Change (IPCC), which are
used to project
global and regional
climate change, are coarse resolution models based on a roughly 100 - kilometer or 62 - mile grid, to simulate ocean and atmospheric dy
climate change, are coarse resolution
models based on a roughly 100 - kilometer or 62 - mile grid, to simulate ocean and atmospheric dynamics.
For assessing the
global ocean - carbon sink, McKinley and her co-authors from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NCAR and the University of Colorado Boulder
used the
model to establish a long - running
climate scenario from historical data.
A team of scientists from Vanderbilt and Stanford universities have created the first comprehensive map of the topsy - turvy
climate of the period and are
using it to test and improve the
global climate models that have been developed to predict how precipitation patterns will change in the future.
David Thomas of the University of Oxford and his colleagues investigated what might happen to the immense dune fields in southern Africa over the coming years
using three
global climate models.
To inform its Earth system
models, the
climate modeling community has a long history of
using integrated assessment
models — frameworks for describing humanity's impact on Earth, including the source of
global greenhouse gases, land
use and land cover change, and other resource - related drivers of anthropogenic
climate change.
In his PhD dissertation, he developed a
global rapid loss estimation
model for earthquake,
using empirical data from over 8000 earthquakes since 1900 and the associated socioeconomic
climate over time.
The researchers showed that the
climate change
models used by the IPCC underestimate Africa's emissions, which could account for 20 - 55 % of
global anthropogenic emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants by 2030.
Colgan's team
used two different combinations of regional and
global climate models to estimate how conditions might change at the camp's location in the future.
They
used the Community Earth System
Model, funded primarily by the Department of Energy and NSF, to simulate
global climate as well as atmospheric chemistry conditions.
For that half of the sun - blocking equation, Bergin turned to Drew Shindell, professor of
climate sciences at Duke and an expert in using the NASA GISS Global Climate
climate sciences at Duke and an expert in
using the NASA GISS
Global ClimateClimate Model.
Meehl and his colleagues
used two sophisticated computer
models of
global climate to predict what would happen under various scenarios for greenhouse gas emission controls, taking into account the oceanic time lag.
Using climate models and data collected about aerosols and meteorology over the past 30 years, the researchers found that air pollution over Asia — much of it coming from China — is impacting
global air circulations.