Sentences with phrase «using radiation modeling»

Using radiation modeling we estimated how strong the climate forcing would be for each scenario, and then ran general circulation models to see how that forcing would change the climate.

Not exact matches

One of the big advantages of the approach that this paper uses is that, to decide on a strategy, evacuation officials need to consider only the radiation levels near shelters and along evacuation routes — the overall pattern of the radioactive death - cloud does not factor into the models.

The model significantly improved prediction of response to radiation therapy over the use of Gleason score and lymph - node status alone;

Scientists have used UV radiation to cause skin cancer in animal models.

«This is quite surprising because glasses and heavily irradiated materials typically exhibit the same density, so that glasses are often used as models to simulate the effect of the exposure to radiations on materials.»

Crawford - Brown worked for a while on models of the effects of radiation and chemical exposure on human health, then wandered into decision analysis by the back door when the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) started to use some of his scientific models.

In a bid to progress beyond the shotgun approach to fighting cancer — blasting malignant cells with toxic chemicals or radiation, which kills surrounding healthy cells in the process — researchers at the Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST) are using nanotechnology to develop seek - and - destroy models to zero in on and dismantle tumors without damaging nearby normal tissue.

«In this study we've used a bacterium with unrivalled resistance to radiation as a model for the type of bacteria we might find signs of on Mars.

This group's achievement shows the possibility to clarify the mechanism of human tumor formation, especially the molecular mechanism responsible for in the initial stage of cell cancerization due to DNA damaged by radiation in the initial stage, by using the model of budding yeast, a primitive eukaryote.

The scientists worked with model bacteria that are representative of the sort of microbial lifeforms that might be expected to have emerged on Mars and used a Raman spectrometer to track how the detectable signal from them changed with increasing exposure to radiation.

Conventional risk models used by NASA and others assume DNA damage and mutation are the cause of radiation cancers.

Using this input, a sophisticated computer model developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, was used to determine which areas receive direct sunlight, how much solar radiation reaches the surface, and how the conditions change over the course of a year on Ceres.

Gottesman and colleague John Preskill of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, US, found that previous calculations by other researchers using this model allowed information to escape for only certain interactions between the infalling matter and the infalling Hawking radiation.

New climate models — made by using estimated radiation levels from that time, along with data from the Magellan spacecraft about Venus's current surface — suggest that Venus would have been only 11 °C (52 °F).

The current study, led by John Regan, a postdoctoral researcher at Ireland's Dublin City University, modeled the process using software developed by Columbia's Greg Bryan, and includes the effects of gravity, fluid dynamics, chemistry and radiation.

Using their computer models as a guide, the researchers found a variant of polyethylene commonly used in battery making that has a specific nanostructure that is opaque to visible light yet is transparent to infrared radiation, which could let body heat escape.

At the same time, here in Kiev physicist Elena Bakhanova at the Research Center for Radiation Medicine is adapting the principles used to three - dimensionally model radiation fields at Chernobyl to help investigate the health effects of medical radiation.

Using mathematical models, the researchers used these data to quantify the effectiveness of starting screening early — at age 25 — for women who received chest radiation as a teenager.

New computer modeling suggests that high temperature TPV conversion — which captures infrared radiation from very hot surfaces — could one day rival combined - cycle turbine systems when combined with thermal storage using liquid metal at temperatures around 1,300 degrees Celsius.

Using computer models and distinctive radiation seen from a previous supernova explosion, theorists had already suspected that turbulence at the center of a supernova would propel bullets of iron - rich material through a star's outer layers.

This challenge to the established LNT model and raises questions on some of the basic assumptions used to assess the risk of low dose radiation exposures.

Now, a team of scientists of the University of Cambridge, the UK Met Office and CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre) have adapted modelling systems previously used to forecast, ash dispersal from erupting volcanoes and radiation from nuclear accidents (NAME), to predict when and how Ug99 and other such strains are most likely to spread.

From there, they used the preferred published model of breast cancer risk from radiation exposure to project the number of radiation - induced breast cancers.

In Figure 1, I use the NCAR radiation model, and don't make any assumption about the apparent sky emittance.

The objective of this recently published study was to investigate how correcting the radiation input could best be used in the Finnish Meteorological Institute's road weather model.

I developed and host a web interface to the modtran model of atmospheric infrared radiation, an early example of a line - by - line code which I downloaded and use to teach and as part of a textbook.

Brian Wirth, UT - ORNL Governor's Chair for Computational Nuclear Engineering, was nominated by the AAAS section on physics for «advancing knowledge of radiation damage mechanisms and fuel performance in fission and fusion energy via multiscale modeling using high performance computing validated by experiments.»

Breaking the supermassive black hole speed limit — Using computer codes for modeling the interaction of matter and radiation related to the Lab's stockpile stewardship mission, scientists simulated collapsing stars that resulted in supermassive black holes forming in less time than expected, cosmologically speaking — in the first billion years of the universe.

I used to be active in the radiation field, indeed I co chaired the first ICRCCM study (Intercomparison of Radiation Codes for Climate Models).

The Coefficient 5.35 in the formula RF = 5.35 ln (CO2 / CO2 - orig) comes from basic physical principles based on radiation transfer calculations using complex models, as the note in table 6.2 so clearly shows.

I have already explained here that the models are using classical thermodynamics to calculate the effects of radiation, rather than quantum mechanics.

I have the highest respect for Ming - Dah, whose work in parameterizing radiation processes for Global Climate Models is widely used in climate mModels is widely used in climate modelsmodels.

It used to be (pre 1995) that most radiation models in GCM's only had CO2 and water vapor, so one had to translate, say, methane, into CO2 radiative equivalent just to do the calculation.

You can play with this yourself using the online modtran or ncar radiation models.

«Mercado et al. use the HadGEM2 - A general circulation model to simulate the effect of late twentieth century «global dimming» and associated increases in the diffuse radiation fraction on global carbon storage.»

Trude Storelvmo of Yale University and her colleagues did not use climate models to find out the answer, but they based their calculations on temperature and solar radiation records taken from more than thousands of global measurement sites over the course of 46 years.

In these planetary GCMs, we use a relatively simple two - stream radiative transfer for scattering and absorbing atmospheres, with assumed diffuse incident of solar radiation at the top of the model domain.

They have little use for radiation budgets and ocean - atmosphere circulation models.

«But no radiative data is used» It must be incorporated in his model, he states «The all - sky climatological greenhouse effect (the difference of the all - sky surface upward flux and absorbed solar flux) at this surface is equal to the reflected solar radiation.»

The climate models further hide the «back radiation» energy by using double the optical depth for low level clouds compared with reality.

Valentina Zharkova, a professor of mathematics at Northumbria University in the United Kingdom, used a new model of the sun's solar cycle and its periodic change in solar radiation emissions to predict a «mini Ice Age» may begin shortly.

Only in computer models using the «external forcing» wheeze of a step change in emitted radiation at the top of the model atmosphere can these factors be regarded as forcing agents.

Please take a look at http://www.ecmwf.int/research/era, specifically the links to the IFS documentation, which has all the details about the radiation scheme used in the model, and links to «known quality issues» which include the inconsistent use of SST products.

Radiative transfer models use fundamental physical equations and observations to translate this increased downward radiation into a radiative forcing, which effectively tells us how much increased energy is reaching the Earth's surface.

All in all the Miskolczi paper is an odd mixture of interesting calculations which use empirical data and a detailed radiation model and conclusions largely unsupported by the results of the analyses and in some cases internally contradictory.

When Alarmists say that ENSO's short term effects must balance to zero over the long run they are doing a priori science using the assumptions of the «radiation - only» model.

These data are used to research atmospheric radiation balance, cloud feedback processes, and to initialize and evaluate model performance, which are critical to the understanding of global climate change.

On the contrary it has been commented that the basis used in the models for calculating the radiation mechanisms of the atmosphere and the temperature profile (Ref.

Using modern measurements of air temperature, incoming / outgoing radiation, and ocean temperature / heat content should provide much more robust techniques of climate model validation.

Their prediction is based on the quantity of incoming solar radiation and uses 16 - day forecasts from a numerical weather prediction model (WRF).