The Final (Oral Ebola)
Vaccine Trial on Captive Chimpanzees?
Not exact matches
But while thousands of clinical
trials on immunotherapy drugs, of which many are predicted to fail, are springing up, the depth of information
on neoantigen
vaccines is much shallower: Just two studies
on neoantigen
vaccines for melanoma, recently profiled in Nature, were completed last year in Boston and Germany.
Following disappointing Phase 3 results for the RSV
vaccine in older adults, Novavax, Inc. (NASDAQ: NVAX) reported mixed results for a Phase 2
trial of the
vaccine on older adults who were reimmunized.
Most biotechs would have shuttered a clinical program that showed absolutely no efficacy whatsoever in a late - stage
trial, but Novavax has instead doubled down
on RSV by going forth with its phase 3
trial of the RSV F
vaccine for infants via maternal immunization, and begun planning for another
trial in older adults that's reportedly
on track to kick off in 2018.
«Obviously one would want to have a higher efficacy when it comes to severe disease, but we're still hoping we can improve
on the
vaccine as we go along with the
trials.»
So say scientists at Merck, who learned from
trials in 2007 that their
vaccine, based
on a live, weakened adenovirus carrying genes for HIV proteins, was ineffective.
Fiers discovered a key protein
on the influenza virus that could serve as a target for a universal
vaccine; the drug has shown promise in an early clinical
trial.
In the latest
trial, reported in the October issue of the Journal of Pediatrics, the
vaccine prevented 70 % of severe diarrhea cases
on American Indian reservations, where incidence rates are higher than in the general U.S. population.
Testing a new
vaccine on humans in a clinical
trial costs tens of millions of dollars.
The recent phase 2 STEP
trial of the HIV
vaccine (V520) showed disappointing results, but another
vaccine made by GeoVax will be moving into phase 2 clinical
trials in the next few months based
on promising phase 1 results.
To be sure, scientists have zeroed in
on some promising
vaccine - adjuvant combinations, and a few well - designed
trials are now under way.
Throughout the company's
trials the FDA has been
on alert for signs that a patient could have a bad reaction as a result of this
vaccine - making approach.
Phase II
trials for that
vaccine candidate are set to begin within the next two months, so it will not likely be available to combat the current swine flu outbreak, which could kill as many as 90,000 Americans and land up to 1.8 million in the hospital, according to the President's Council of Advisors
on Science and Technology (PCAST).
«We are pleased to have demonstrated such a potent and durable immune response to the
vaccine,» said the study's lead author, Sita Awasthi, PhD, a research associate professor of Infectious Diseases at Penn. «If found effective in clinical
trials, the
vaccine will have a huge impact
on reducing the overall prevalence of genital herpes infections and could reduce new HIV infections as well, especially in high - burden regions of sub-Saharan Africa.»
The German biotech CureVac, for example, has brought mRNA - based
vaccines for rabies and cancer to clinical
trials, and Karikó now heads a research team at BioNTech in Mainz, Germany, that focuses
on mRNA - based drugs.
In 2011, Science's editors will be watching a smaller detector at the Large Hadron Collider called LHCb, which will study B mesons in great detail; new techniques that should lead to the discovery of many more genes contributing to adaptation; an ignited fusion burn at the National Ignition Facility; broadly neutralizing antibodies, which are capable of disabling a wide range of viral variants; the first plug - in hybrid electric cars whose batteries are charged from a wall socket go
on the market; and the results of the first phase III
trial of a malaria
vaccine.
CDC based its decision for children under 10 to receive two doses
on preliminary data from clinical
trials of the
vaccines being used in the United States, but he said more complete data should emerge soon.
At the end of the
trial, those who received the high - dose
vaccine scored an average of 39 percent lower
on symptoms and medication use than did those who got the dummy shots.
Phages would require a less traditional approach to get official approval, such as the annual process for influenza
vaccines in which manufacturers secure approval of new formulas based
on the flu bug that is going around that year, instead of conducting big clinical
trials every time.
The study included 124 newly diagnosed patients at 25 clinical
trial sites in the U.S. Two - thirds of the patients were treated with ICT - 107, an experimental
vaccine based
on immune system cells called dendritic cells that were exposed to six synthetic proteins, or antigens, known to be involved in GBM development.
«
Vaccine for malignant brain tumors: Update
on phase II
trial.»
Science's picks for Areas to watch in 2017 are human embryo research, Zika
vaccine trials, the search for Planet Nine, and the impacts
on research of the U.S. election and «Brexit» vote.
«[T] he visit also comes as the White House awaits action from Congress
on a nearly $ 6.2 billion emergency appropriations request to continue fighting [Ebola] in West Africa and to move candidate
vaccines through clinical
trials.
Dr Welaga says that researchers should consider testing the effect of measles
vaccines and other routine
vaccines on all - cause mortality in randomized
trials.
«The findings from this
trial are very encouraging to those of us who have spent many years working
on vaccine candidates to protect against dengue, a disease that is a significant burden in much of the world and is now endemic in Puerto Rico,» said Stephen Whitehead, Ph.D., of NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
Vaccine efficacy was set at an average of 60 % (actual numbers depended on the different virus subtypes and on whether a person had been exposed due to a prior natural infection) based on recent phase III trial results for the Sanofi - Pasteur vaccine that had shown moderate effecti
Vaccine efficacy was set at an average of 60 % (actual numbers depended
on the different virus subtypes and
on whether a person had been exposed due to a prior natural infection) based
on recent phase III
trial results for the Sanofi - Pasteur
vaccine that had shown moderate effecti
vaccine that had shown moderate effectiveness.
Just a few weeks ago, WHO said that using any of the experimental drugs or
vaccines in the pipeline simply wasn't in the cards, because none of them have been through a phase I clinical study, the type of
trial in which medical products are tested
on healthy volunteers to study their toxicity.
The latest
vaccine experiments aim to build
on the modest success of a
trial in Thailand in 2009, when an earlier
vaccine showed a 31 percent reduction in infections.
In their new study, researchers from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Imperial College London and the University of Florida re-analyzed data from
vaccine trials conducted in 10 countries with more than 30,000 participants as well as recently published data
on the long - term follow - up of these participants.
On 31 July, The Lancet published the interim results of a clinical
trial in Guinea that showed that an Ebola
vaccine produced by Merck appears to be highly effective.
The
vaccine, which is about to go
on trial in the US, aims to re-educate T cells so that they no longer react to the dander.
Howard Weiner, Danny Frenkel, and their colleagues built
on the results of a failed 2003 Alzheimer's
vaccine trial.
Vaccine developers are trying to improve vaccines for transplant recipients and other people with a weak immune system, and the samples used in this study came from a clinical trial of different versions of a flu vaccine in patients on immune - suppressive
Vaccine developers are trying to improve
vaccines for transplant recipients and other people with a weak immune system, and the samples used in this study came from a clinical
trial of different versions of a flu
vaccine in patients on immune - suppressive
vaccine in patients
on immune - suppressive drugs.
Vaccine trials started last week, and initial observations are promising, but Donnelly and her team warn that it will take many months to scale up production sufficiently to start having an effect
on the current epidemic.
So far in tests
on mice, plant proteins have worked as well as traditional
vaccines, and the U.S. Navy is planning human
trials later this year.
A new clinical
trial in which the
vaccine will be given intravenously to 51 volunteers is scheduled to start next month at VCR; another
trial in Tanzania is
on the drawing board.
«To rid the world of meningitis epidemics altogether, we need to go after all the major strains in one public health
vaccine,» noted Adar Poonawalla, CEO and executive director of Serum Institute of India Private Ltd. «We are partnering with PATH
on a pentavalent meningitis
vaccine — targeting five meningitis strains, A, C, W, X, and Y — and will begin clinical
trials this year.»
If the other
trials bear out the Colombian findings or improve
on them, the
vaccine will be needed in larger quantities.
Based in part
on these results, the Butantan Institute in São Paulo, Brazil, this year launched an efficacy
trial of the
vaccine that plans to enroll 17,000 people.
The problem with traditional methods of
vaccine development is that they depend
on a great deal of
trial and error: researchers develop a compound they think should cause an immune response in the body and then test it
on thousands of people, hoping to see a positive change.
Up until now, efforts in generating a
vaccine against TB have been mainly focused
on T cells (cells from the adaptive arm of our immune response with memory capacity), with very disappointing outcomes in both pre-clinical as well as clinical
trials.
An Ebola
vaccine made by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in Rixensart, Belgium, is the furthest along, having entered phase I human
trials on 2 September.
Merck began a second
trial of its
vaccine in February in South Africa, where the circulating virus differs from the one the
vaccine is based
on.
Nelson Michael of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Silver Spring, Maryland, says that the
trial Zika
vaccine will be tested
on mice and monkeys that already have antibodies to dengue, to see if that interferes with the
vaccine.
A clinical
trial in humans of a
vaccine based
on Ab antibodies was halted in 2002 because 5 percent of the patients developed encephalitis.
Those who oppose the
trial think the approach with the greatest chance of success would be to test a
vaccine based
on one subtype in a population at risk from the same subtype.
The
vaccines were developed for strains of the virus more commonly found in white women,
on whom the clinical
trials had been based.
Activists often slam large pharmaceutical companies for failing to develop drugs that are of critical importance to the developing world.Andrew Witty, GlaxoSmithKline's youthful chief executive, gave those critics pause yesterday in a speech to the Council
on Foreign Relations in New York City.Witty promised to sell the company's malaria
vaccine that is in late - stage clinical
trials in Africa for no more than a 5 percent profit.
Led by University of Texas Austin researcher Dr Steve Bellan, and in collaboration with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the study
on the design of CDC's
vaccine trial in Sierra Leone is published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases.
Key figures share their perspectives
on a controversy that led to the suspension of Ebola
vaccine clinical
trials in Ghana.