Climate forcing in the LGM
equilibrium state, relative to the Holocene, due to the slow feedback ice age surface properties, i.e., increased ice area, different
vegetation distribution, and continental shelf exposure, was -3.5 ± 1 W / m2 (10).
It seems that the most we could hope to accomplish with grazing management is to return grasslands to their
equilibrium state, with carbon levels at preindustrial levels in both the
vegetation and the soil organic matter.