Consider the actual CO2 concentration at
Vostok over its time span.
For example, I just finished a GnuPlot of Temperature and CO2 correlation for
Vostok over the last evening.
Not exact matches
The water must freeze
over the Antarctic winter before researchers can lay hands on it, to see what organisms might be living in Lake
Vostok.
As yet, no one has touched the waters of a subglacial lake with so much as a drill bit, but a Russian group that has been coring ice
over Lake
Vostok to get ancient climate records is coming close.
And when it's
over, the claim of animals in Lake
Vostok may prove to have been a mistake.
But in the late 1990s, scientists found that ice flowing
over Vostok isn't just compacted snow.
Amplitude and Duration: Davis identified 650 individual cycles of Temperature - proxy Oscillation (TO - c350) cycles in the
Vostok data
over the past 220,000 years.
Figure 6: a) spectral power density periodogram of
Vostok temperature - proxy records
over the Holocene for 12,000 years showing six peaks.
Today's Nintendo eShop news: Dragon Marked For Death delayed to 2018, Wasteland 2: Director's Cut teased for the Nintendo Switch, Of Mice and Sand - REVISED - announced for the Nintendo Switch, Regalia also announced for the Nintendo Switch, successful launch for Blossom Tales: The Sleeping King on Nintendo Switch,
over 1 million units sold for Flyhigh Works on Wii U and Nintendo 3DS, footage for Pic - a-Pix Deluxe, and launch trailers for
Vostok Inc., Tiny Troopers Joint Ops XL, and Mom Hid My Game!
And while the recent release of
Vostok Inc. still might produce a sense of remorse, especially during it's early hours, the title also incorporates mechanics that elevates the title
over fellow clickers.
For more information, head
over to the
Vostok Inc....
Vostok Inc. for Nintendo Switch offers prospective tycoons the same addictive gameplay they have grown to know and love: with plenty of frenetic twin - stick shooting action, a plethora of the finest and most addictive minigames and the same downright disgusting quest for self - enrichment that brought
Vostok Inc. so much adoration from players all
over the world.
Indeed it was Law Dome, not the Taylor Dome... I had written that from memory, but as my memory is not anymore what it was 40 years ago... What I meant was a graph on the Internet, showing the Law Dome ice core CO2 variations, lagging the temperature variations with some 50 years (with ~ 10 ppmv / K, similar to the factor found
over the
Vostok ice core trends).
The ice core recovered from
Vostok, Antarctica, records
over 400,000 years of climate history.
Ritz, C., Rommeleare, V. & Dumas, C. Modeling the evolution of Antarctic ice sheet
over the last 420,000 years: implications for altitude changes in the
Vostok region.
So far, the Antarctic
Vostok and EPICA Dome C ice cores have provided a composite record of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
over the past 650,000 years1, 2,3,4.
Even the
Vostok or Dome C ice cores
over the past 420 kyr or 800 kyr have sufficient resolution to show an increase of 100 ppmv
over 100 years (and down again in 100 years?)
The resolution is 8 years
over the past 150 years, 40 years
over the past 1,000 years, 80 years
over the past 70,000 years and about 560 years for the past 800,000 years (Dome C used smaller samples than
Vostok).
June 2016: Snow in Hawaii again, record June snow in Barrow Alaska,
Vostok Antartica sets cold record less than -80 * C; June snow in Mexico very RARE, June frost all
over upstate New York, June 10 Heavy snow in Novodvinsk (RARE) and Tiksi Russia, June snow in Ukrain RARE.
Further, there is firm evidence that migration of CO2 isn't important in the
Vostok and Dome C ice cores
over the past 800,000 years: each glacial / interglacial period shows the same ratio between temperature and CO2 changes: about 8 ppmv/degr.C.
As far as the correlation between GHGs and temperature goes, recent history already passes his r2 > 0.5 test with flying colours - the Mauna Loa CO2 data vs GISTEMP from 1961 - 2004 gets r2 = 0.76, and I'm sure that the
Vostok ice core data must be in the same ballpark
over ~ 400,000 years or more (a quick google finds multiple references to the strong correlation but no hard numbers and I can't be bothered doing it myself).
For instance the
Vostok ice - core data
over 415,000 years has an average measurement - spacing of 756 years, meaning that the likelihood of measuring an increase in atmospheric CO2 as the one measured at Mauna Loa
over the last 50 years, if one existed in the
Vostok ice - core samples, amounts to 6.6 % (i.e. 50/756).
And of course, there is the
Vostok data, which shows the historical warming and cooling behavior in a single location but
over 100 year periods.
Records of CO2 (green) and temperature (blue)
over the past 350,000 years from the
Vostok ice core, after [Petit et al., 1999].
Over East Antarctica, most of the reconstructions and the station data are in agreement, showing near - zero trends for coastal East Antarctica and some positive trends inland, around
Vostok and the South Pole.
On the basis of atmospheric CO2 data obtained from the Antarctic Taylor Dome ice core and temperature data obtained from the
Vostok ice core, Indermuhle et al. (2000) studied the relationship between these two parameters
over the period 60,000 - 20,000 years BP (Before Present).
Variations
over 420,000 years of CO2, methane (CH4), and temperature, from the
Vostok ice core after it reached bedrock (1999): four complete glacial cycles.
There is no migration in the «cold» -LRB--40 degr.C)
Vostok and Dome C ice cores
over 420,000 and 800,000 years.
The second aspect is that the MLO samples data in one minute or less, while
Vostok CO2 is open for
over half a millennium or so.
--
Over the ice ages / Interglacials (Vostok, Epica C ice cores): 8 ppmv / °C — The MWP - LIA cooling (Law Dome ice core): 10 ppmv / °C — The current CO2 variability over the trend (Mauna Loa): 2 - 4 ppmv
Over the ice ages / Interglacials (
Vostok, Epica C ice cores): 8 ppmv / °C — The MWP - LIA cooling (Law Dome ice core): 10 ppmv / °C — The current CO2 variability
over the trend (Mauna Loa): 2 - 4 ppmv
over the trend (Mauna Loa): 2 - 4 ppmv / °C
Over 10 % of the time Vostok cores (from CDIAC) show a jump of over 0.1 ppm in 10 years, something improbable with multi-millennial averaging, unless there is a sp
Over 10 % of the time
Vostok cores (from CDIAC) show a jump of
over 0.1 ppm in 10 years, something improbable with multi-millennial averaging, unless there is a sp
over 0.1 ppm in 10 years, something improbable with multi-millennial averaging, unless there is a spike.
Again, look more carefully into the
Vostok ice core data http://www.realclimate.org/index.php?p=221 - contrary to your presentation of stable concentrations
over thousands of years, there was no single period in time when concentrations and temperatures were steady stable, they were always changing, and therefore were in dynamics, in a state far from equillibrium.
1987 C. Genthon, et al., «
Vostok Ice Core: Climatic Response to CO2 and Orbital Forcing Changes
over the Last Climatic Cycle.»