Vaughan, S. (1997), Tradeable Emissions Permits and the WTO, Presented at the European Union Advanced Study Course on Goals and Instruments for the Achievement of Global
Warming Mitigation in Europe, 20 - 26 July, Berlin.
Not exact matches
Cities are projected to require at least USD 1.7 trillion a year for climate change
mitigation and adaptation above business as usual
in order to align GHG levels with those that limit global
warming to 2 °C and avoid the worst effects of climate change.
The underlying principle guiding international negotiations continues to work towards agreeing a long term global target to limit
warming to 2 °C — and working backwards to divide up and distribute
mitigation burdens
in meeting that target.
«We were interested
in providing a measure of how long people would have to wait until the effect of
mitigation becomes tangible,
in terms of avoided
warming,» Tebaldi said.
Taking into account the disastrous effects of the 2003 and 2010 heat wave events
in Europe, and those of 2011 and 2012
in the USA, results show that we may be facing a serious risk of adverse impacts over larger and densely populated areas if
mitigation strategies for reducing global
warming are not implemented.
In addition to a business - as - usual scenario, the team ran its simulations under two mitigation scenarios, previously proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in which efforts are made to mitigate global warming to 2 and 3 degrees Celsius, relative to pre-industrial time
In addition to a business - as - usual scenario, the team ran its simulations under two
mitigation scenarios, previously proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
in which efforts are made to mitigate global warming to 2 and 3 degrees Celsius, relative to pre-industrial time
in which efforts are made to mitigate global
warming to 2 and 3 degrees Celsius, relative to pre-industrial times.
It is,
in passages, a downright gloomy case, and several authors on Tuesday said the next report
in 10 years hence will likely see a shift
in emphasis from
mitigation - or avoiding the problem - to adaptation, or learning to live with
warming.
Laurence Kalkstein, a professor
in the Department of Public Health Sciences at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine who was not involved
in the study, observed that there are other variables that influence how much a city can benefit from
warming mitigation.
Our study of the faster increases
in apparent temperature has produced important findings for this kind of climate change impact assessment, providing a strong scientific support for more stringent and effective climate change
mitigation efforts to combat global
warming.»
(C) potential metrics and approaches for quantifying the climatic effects of black carbon emissions, including its radiative forcing and
warming effects, that may be used to compare the climate benefits of different
mitigation strategies, including an assessment of the uncertainty
in such metrics and approaches; and
Beyond preparing for the inevitable, the report also calls for climate
mitigation, including implementing the 2015 Paris Agreement
in order to have «any hope of avoiding catastrophic effects from sea - level rise and other outcomes of global
warming.»
Concerns that
mitigation may be too slow
in coming have led to renewed dialogue within the scientific community regarding potential strategies for counteracting global
warming through geoengineering.
Themes: Aerosols, Arctic and Antarctic climate, Atmospheric Science, Climate modelling, Climate sensitivity, Extreme events, Global
warming, Greenhouse gases,
Mitigation of Climate Change, Present - day observations, Oceans, Paleo - climate, Responses to common contrarian arguments, The Practice of Science, Solar forcing, Projections of future climate, Climate
in the media, Meeting Reports, Miscellaneous.
While
warming cities will bring big energy costs, researchers say they may also offer important insight into the role of local policy
in climate change
mitigation.
Understanding how human water use would respond to global
warming and its combined effects on the hydrologic cycle is important for better designing
mitigation and adaption strategies to the global change
in the future.
We talk through some of the most pressing issues
in modern climate science: our chances of staying below 1.5 °C of
warming without climate engineering, climate engineering with land - based albedo modifications, and the kinds of societal transformations needed for radical
mitigation.
These are classified
in three groups, one Issues involving the global community are global
warming, biodiversity and ecosystem losses, fisheries depletion, deforestation, water deficits, maritime safety and pollution, second Issues requiring a global commitments are massive step - up
in the fight against poverty, peacekeeping, conflict prevention, combating terrorism, Education for all, Global infectious diseases, digital divide, natural disaster prevention and
mitigation and third Issues needing a global regulatory approach are reinventing taxation for the twenty - first century, biotechnology rules, global financial architecture, Illegal drugs, Trade, investment, and competition rules, Intellectual property rights, E-commerce rules, International labor and migration
The influencing of policy
in re global
warming faces a huge amount of inertia, but principles of risk
mitigation tell us that we should be aggressive about shifting policy to avert possible threats, the opposite of what results from that inertia.
Mitigation over the next few decades will be pivotal
in determining the amount of long - term
warming and associated risks.
[Response: When the Keenlyside paper came out, Andy Revkin had a nice blog article on whether the drive for carbon
mitigation action could survive a decadal interruption
in warming.
The paper appears to conclude that if we wait 20 years to begin reducing GHG emissions, assuming a modest amount of
mitigation in the short term, we will have to reduce emissions at a 3 to 7 times greater rate than if we start now
in order to keep
warming to a 3 degree C increase around 2100.
Global
Warming The experts considered four solutions
in this area: investing only
in mitigation of greenhouse - gas emissions; investing
in mitigation and research and development into low ‐ carbon energy technology; investing only
in research and development into low ‐ carbon energy technology; investing
in a combination of
mitigation, research and development and adaptation.
Both rate questions (
warming and sea level) have proved durably uncertain for decades, leading to a wide spread
in views on the scope and speed of investments necessary for adequate adaptation and emissions
mitigation.
In addition, according to the recent PNAS paper by Yangyang Xua and Veerabhadran Ramanathan, «Well below 2 °C:
Mitigation strategies for avoiding dangerous to catastrophic climate changes» (http://www.pnas.org/content/114/39/10315.full), manmade aerosols are currently «hiding» 0.9 C of
warming.
I said that I'm skeptical that it can be implemented fast enough to address the
mitigation piece of the problem before we are committed to catastrophic levels of
warming; and that there seem to me to be problems with model
in terms of human behavior.
, and Putin — create new industries and jobs
in clean energy products and services — reduce payroll taxes — make fossil fuels include more of their real costs, including health / pollution and our mega military spending
in the Middle East — AND, apply the marketplace to force real major
mitigation of global
warming rise.
Recent independent analyses of current
mitigation proposals on the table
in Copenhagen by Nicholas Stern, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Ecofys, Climate Analytics, the Sustainability Institute (C - ROADS), the European Climate Foundation and ClimateWorks (Project Catalyst), all point to the same conclusion: the negotiations must deliver the high end of current proposals and stretch beyond them, if the world is to have a reasonable chance of containing
warming to below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, or the 1.5 °C goal of many developing nations.
Whether he agrees or not, the best expert judgement is collected
in the IPCC reports, and it says that increasing greenhouse gas concentrations will lead to a
warming world (WG1), discusses possible effect and finds them on balance negative (WG2) and finally, discusses
mitigations and costs (WGIII).
Walt Bennett said it best, # 14 above: «The bottom line is that we are already
in the
mitigation phase of global
warming....
Such a feedback loop could result
in accelerated
warming throughout the globe, which will strongly impact ongoing climate change
mitigation and adaptation efforts.
Since the early 1990's, at least, scientists, environmentalists and world leaders have called repeatedly for climate
mitigation — that is, reductions
in emissions of heat - trapping greenhouse gases
in order to stave off global
warming.
Thus,
in the case of O3, the best way to reduce or remove the threat that
warming - enhanced O3 poses to human health — its climate change risk — is almost certainly via the
mitigation of nitrogen pollution.
The
mitigation of Short - lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) has received much attention
in the past few years for its potential to lessen health - related impacts of air pollution, prevent major crop losses, and
in some cases also slow down global
warming.
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Due to past emissions, and taking into account the most aggressive
mitigation strategies, peak mean global
warming in the 21st Century can limited close to 1.5 C, with
warming dropping to below 1.5 by 2100.
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The fact that we can't control China, India, and other countries makes all this discussion, the expensive satellites, expensive super-computer models, and money dumped on climate science an exercise
in futility as far as
mitigation of global
warming is concerned.
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In Pakistan
While
mitigation climate change is essential adapting to and through centuries of
warming is paramount... the stories of animals, plants and people adapting to a
warming world express trust
in our ability to adjust to changing conditions, even radical ones, and to establish a voice for resilience
in uncertain times.
That said, Robock «completely agrees» with the last paragraph of the paper, «which says that the solution to global
warming is
mitigation and adaptation, so that SRM would never be employed
in the first place»:
China's role as a promoter of renewable energy development
in Africa can offer it valuable recognition as a contributor to global efforts towards the
mitigation of climate change and can serve to reaffirm its position as a lead nation among developing countries, protecting vulnerable countries from the impacts of global
warming and fostering their economic growth and development
in the process.12
But it is even more upsetting for people opposed to climate
mitigation, since it refutes their favourite talking point — that global
warming has stalled
in recent years.