Sentences with phrase «when sea ice forms»

This study specifically considers the role of Antarctic sea ice in shaping deep ocean circulation and stratification, by driving surface buoyancy loss associated with brine rejection (when sea ice forms, salt is pushed into the surrounding seawater, making it denser).

When sea ice forms, brine from salty sea water is expelled.

I'll give you the summer, which is when no sea ice forms.

When sea ice forms, it expels salt into the surrounding water, increasing the density of the water and causing it to sink, carrying oxygenated surface water into the depths.

Not exact matches

Concentrations of two other chemicals in the ice cores, vanillic acid (a chemical formed when conifer forests burn) and non — sea salt sulfur (a primary component in acid rain), helped distinguish between soot from natural sources and that from industrial pollution.

This has resulted in temperatures an astonishing 20 °C warmer than usual, so sea ice is melting when it should be forming.

By measuring the oxygen isotopes in the sea ice, the scientists were able to deduce where and when the ice was formed.

The land bridge forms during ice ages, when much of the water on the planet becomes part of growing continental glaciers, making the sea level much lower than it is today,» explained Shapiro.

The Blue Hole was a cave system formed in the last Ice Age and, when the sea began to rise again, the caves flooded and the roof collapsed, creating a sink hole over 400ft deep.

It was formed as a limestone cave system during the last ice age when sea levels were much lower.

Formed in the limestone substrata, they are officially called «karst - eroded sinkholes» and were created prior to the melting which ended the Great Ice Age, when sea levels were much lower than today.

The current theory is that these underwater caves were formed above sea level a number of ice ages ago when sea levels were about 400 feet lower.

Like other sea - holes or «vertical caves,» the Great Blue Hole in Belize's Lighthouse Reef actually formed on dry land, during a past ice age when the sea level was a lot lower than it is today.

Sea ice is critical for polar marine ecosystems in at least two important ways: (1) it provides a habitat for photosynthetic algae and nursery ground for invertebrates and fish during times when the water column does not support phytoplankton growth; and (2) as the ice melts, releasing organisms into the surface water [3], a shallow mixed layer forms which fosters large ice - edge blooms important to the overall productivity of polar seas.

(57j) For surface + tropospheric warming in general, there is (given a cold enough start) positive surface albedo feedback, that is concentrated at higher latitudes and in some seasons (though the temperature response to reduced summer sea ice cover tends to be realized more in winter when there is more heat that must be released before ice forms).

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

Even without a melt the ice would form glaciers and the flow in to the sea to form icebergs which would melt when they reach warmer water in the gulf stream.

When the sea - ice forms, the freezing process rejects brine, which has a higher density than the surface waters and which sinks to the continental shelf.

I have alluded to Phillips» opinion, because I see in Geikie's late work that reference is made to the fact that from the foot of glaciers in Greenland streams of water issue and unite to form considerable rivers, one of which, after a course of forty miles, enters the sea with a mouth nearly three - quarters of a mile in breadth — the water flowing freely at a time when the outside sea was thickly covered with ice.

When shifting winds caused open water to form 50 to 70 kilometers away, accessing food became more demanding, and their breeding success plummeted.7 Yet Barbraud et al absurdly argued that a reduction in sea ice extent, for unknown reasons, had lowered the penguin's survival.9 It was catastrophic climate change speculation based on nothing more than a meaningless statistical coincidence.

Ideally, sea ice forms when the waves are not so high, when surface temperature is colder than -11 C, when surface sea water is -1.8 C, especially in clear skies.

Sea ice may form, stopping the winds from stirring the surface, stopping evaporation, leaving the passing winds as cool and dry as when they left Canada.

When seawater freezes it forms weak sea ice due to the presence of salt and will need about half the energy to melt when compared to regular halocline formed sea When seawater freezes it forms weak sea ice due to the presence of salt and will need about half the energy to melt when compared to regular halocline formed sea when compared to regular halocline formed sea ice.

Ice shelves are formed when glaciers meet the ocean and begin flowing out to sea.

When enormous ice sheets formed some 23,000 years ago, «you have to take the water from somewhere,» Droxler said, «so sea level dropped.»

The first major climatic - glacial threshold was crossed 38 m.y. ago near the Eocene - Oligocene boundary, when substantial Antarctic sea ice began to form.

Also, regarding subsea volacanic eruptions — a volcanic eruption involves release of magma at several thousand degrees C plus superheated gases — when that hits cold sea water you are going to have a very violent and explosive change of form from lquid water to steam combined with the release of dissolved gases (mostly CO2)-- I am not sure what laws of Chemistry and Physics you are looking at, but I would suggest that that those bubbles and heated gases and water will rise to to the surface very quickly and have a major local effect on any nearby ice.

When waves buffet the freezing ocean surface, characteristic «pancake» sea ice forms.

All life forms that depend on Arctic sea ice will be hurt when that sea ice disappears.

When the sea - ice forms later in the year, the freezing process rejects brine and thus the resulting sea - ice has a lower salt content than the surface water below.