Re 99 should be:... Thus, global atmospheric temperatures were higher in the early Eocene (55 - 50 mya) than in the late Cretaceous (70 - 80 mya)
while the deep ocean waters were cooler in early Eocene than in late Cretaceous.
While deep ocean waters hold it, it's plateaued surface ocean temperatures for a time.
Not exact matches
«The undersides of glaciers in
deeper valleys are exposed to warm, salty Atlantic
water,
while the others are perched on sills, protected from direct exposure to warmer
ocean water,» said Romain Millan, lead author of the study, available online in the American Geophysical Union journal Geophysical Research Letters.
Tides, storms and other disturbances in shallow
water will stir up the bottom,
while further from shore, where the
water is
deeper, turbulence can not reach the
ocean floor, allowing sediment to settle undisturbed.
This research not only provides the first clear evidence that microorganisms were directly involved in the deposition of Earth's oldest iron formations; it also indicates that large populations of oxygen - producing cyanobacteria were at work in the shallow areas of the ancient
oceans,
while deeper water still reached by the light (the photic zone) tended to be populated by anoxyenic or micro-aerophilic iron - oxidizing bacteria which formed the iron deposits.
Arrays monitor circulating currents in the Atlantic
Ocean, in which warm shallow
waters move north (red),
while cold
deep waters move south (blue).
These lakes, that would be located
deep in Europa's icy crust, could be communicating with the liquid
water ocean below,
while providing it with chemical elements from the surface that would be a valuable energy source to any potential life forms.
While we see evidence of a 8 - 10 km
deep ocean on Enceladus today, in the past the
water supply might have been many more kilometers
deep, or many less.
And
while you can jump into the
deep end of the
ocean and start swimming, it's my goal to empower you to spend minimal time just treading
water.
Snorkeling and scuba diving reveal wonderful coral formations teeming with marine life,
while sailing,
deep - sea fishing and glass - bottom boat rides offer ways to enjoy the clear
ocean waters.
The first will consist of 72 - square metre
ocean view rooms with a panoramic view suite on the top floor, complete with a plunge pool,
while families can opt for a room or suite in one of three family - designated buildings featuring
water slides, pool access and the brand signature Planet Trekkers Programme, which allows families to explore the world together and cultivate a
deeper understanding of the world around them.
On the land, you will have the chance to walk on the beaches then hike and climb abrupt cliffs,
while in the
ocean, you can swim then dive, if the
waters become
deeper.
The standard assumption has been that,
while heat is transferred rapidly into a relatively thin, well - mixed surface layer of the
ocean (averaging about 70 m in depth), the transfer into the
deeper waters is so slow that the atmospheric temperature reaches effective equilibrium with the mixed layer in a decade or so.
Halifax -
While Nova Scotia, Canada was digging out from a spring snowstorm this week, about 200 kilometers (124 miles) off the coast, scientists were recording record - high
ocean temperatures in
deep water that reached 14 degrees Celsius (57 degrees Fahrenheit).
While such a «missing heat» explanation for a lack of recent warming [i.e., Trenberth's argument that just can not find it yet] is theoretically possible, I find it rather unsatisfying basing an unwavering belief in eventual catastrophic global warming on a
deep -
ocean mechanism so weak we can't even measure it [i.e., the coldest
deep ocean waters are actually warmer than they should be by thousandths of a degree]...
Um...
while the
oceans as a whole would have to cool, the sea surface would have to warm up substantially in order to transfer lots of heat to the air (and in order to warm up substantially, I suppose there would have to be reduced circulation with cold
deeper waters).
A slight change of
ocean temperature (after a delay caused by the high specific heat of
water, the annual mixing of thermocline
waters with
deeper waters in storms) ensures that rising CO2 reduces infrared absorbing H2O vapour
while slightly increasing cloud cover (thus Earth's albedo), as evidenced by the fact that the NOAA data from 1948 - 2008 shows a fall in global humidity (not the positive feedback rise presumed by NASA's models!)
The effects of this marked shift in westerly winds are already being seen today, triggering warm and salty
water to be drawn up from the
deep ocean, melting large sections of the Antarctic ice sheet with unknown consequences for future sea level rise
while the ability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to soak up heat and carbon from the atmosphere remains deeply uncertain.
«The top of the glacier is melting away as a result of decades of steadily increasing air temperatures,
while its underside is compromised by currents carrying warmer
ocean water, and the glacier is now breaking away into bits and pieces and retreating into
deeper ground.»
So, if you have a large enough influx of cold
water from the
deep ocean, it can cause the global temperature to decrease temporarily, even
while the greenhouse component is acting to push the global temperature to be warmer.
What is more, the
water there would not be particularly warm, so it is quite possible for it to warm the
deep oceans while having little influence on the intermediate regions.
Within the NSF, the Earth Sciences Division supports research on the continental and coastal record of sedimentary basins,
while the
Ocean Sciences Division supports ocean basin and deep ocean water rese
Ocean Sciences Division supports
ocean basin and deep ocean water rese
ocean basin and
deep ocean water rese
ocean water research.
(By the way, neither has sea - level rise due to thermal expansion, because the thermal expansion coefficient is several times larger for warm surface
waters than for the cold
deep waters — again it is warming in the surface layers that counts,
while the total
ocean heat content tells us little about the amount of sea - level rise.)