While global land surface temperatures were the fourth warmest, it...
Not exact matches
The average
global sea
surface temperature tied with 2010 as the second highest for January — August in the 135 - year period of record, behind 1998,
while the average
land surface temperature was the fifth highest.
The January
global land surface temperature was also second highest on record,
while the
global ocean
surface temperature was third highest.
The former is likely to overestimate the true
global surface air temperature trend (since the oceans do not warm as fast as the
land),
while the latter may underestimate the true trend, since the air temperature over the ocean is predicted to rise at a slightly higher rate than the ocean temperature.
While land surface observations go back hundreds of years in a few places, data of sufficient coverage for estimating
global temperature have been available only since the end of the 19th century.
However, the CRU
global mean combined
land air / sea
surface temperature estimates for Jan - Aug 2005 lag behind the 1998 annual mean estimate by 0.08 C (0.50 C vs. 58C for 1998)
while GISS indicates a lag of 0.02 C.
My amateur spreadsheet tracking and projecting the monthly NASA GISS values suggests that
while 2018 and 2019 are likely to be cooler than 2017, they may also be the last years on Earth with
global average
land and ocean
surface temperature anomaly below 1C above pre-industrial average (using 1850 - 1900 proxy).
The former is likely to overestimate the true
global surface air temperature trend (since the oceans do not warm as fast as the
land),
while the latter may underestimate the true trend, since the air temperature over the ocean is predicted to rise at a slightly higher rate than the ocean temperature.
Over the past century,
surface warming over
global drylands (1.2 — 1.3 °C) has been 20 — 40 % higher than that over humid
lands (0.8 — 1.0 °C),
while anthropogenic CO2 emissions generated from drylands (∼ 230 Gt) have been only ∼ 30 % of those generated from humid
lands (∼ 750 Gt).
-LSB-...] With satellites, they have collected regional and
global measurements of the «greenness» of the
land surface and assessed the presence or absence of vegetation,
while looking for signals to distinguish trees from shrubs from ground cover.