Not exact matches
And yes central
power will be another piece (nuclear is great for baseload
power... it operates at 90 %
capacity factors even if the price of building a new plant has risen by 130 % since 2000) Centralized
wind and solar will mature but then there's the transmission issue...
The numbers are off by a
factor of about 5; the actual, real - world as - installed - and - operating
capacity factor for
wind power is about 8 % (and that's the high end of the range).
The
capacity factor of
wind farms in Australia averages around 35 % higher than many conventional
power stations.
On average throughout the year, and depending on location, modern
wind farms produce 10 - 45 % of their rated maximum
power capacity, roughly double the annual
capacity factor of the average solar PV installation (5 - 30 %).
As the penetration of
wind or solar reaches roughly its
capacity factor, the
power it supplies will regularly swing between zero and 100 percent of demand.
If a
wind turbine costs $ 1,254 / kW and has a 30 %
capacity factor, it will generate
power for about 2.4 cents / kWh — not counting future generation as less valuable.
A 310 MW gas
power plant running at 60 %
capacity factor would be roughly equal to 400 MW of solar plus 150 MW of
wind with 25 % and 40 %
capacity factors, respectively.
The Texas A&M Energy Institute's
Wind Energy Center will lead the Texas Offshore Wind Farm Innovation team as part of the Gulf Offshore Wind (GoWind) Project, which will be the most innovative wind farm built to date and will generate power at peak demand and a high capacity fac
Wind Energy Center will lead the Texas Offshore
Wind Farm Innovation team as part of the Gulf Offshore Wind (GoWind) Project, which will be the most innovative wind farm built to date and will generate power at peak demand and a high capacity fac
Wind Farm Innovation team as part of the Gulf Offshore
Wind (GoWind) Project, which will be the most innovative wind farm built to date and will generate power at peak demand and a high capacity fac
Wind (GoWind) Project, which will be the most innovative
wind farm built to date and will generate power at peak demand and a high capacity fac
wind farm built to date and will generate
power at peak demand and a high
capacity factor.
(
Capacity factor of
wind power in Australia is about twice that of solar PV
power, so the capital cost per average MW of generation by Ms McBain's figures, would be similar for
wind and solar.)
Taking
capacity factors into consideration and using the above data on land usage, to replace the energy from all 274 gigawatts of coal - fired
capacity that the United States currently has with
wind power would require a land area consisting of almost the entire state of Washington — over 12 times the land area that the coal - fired units require.
Wind power just keeps getting better and better, cheaper and cheaper, with higher annual
capacity factors each year.
Note that the agency calculates an average
capacity factor for
wind power in the United States of 27 percent between 2008 and 2012.
As most everyone knows (and detractors can not stop shouting it),
wind and solar renewable
power do not run 24/7, they have approximately 25 percent annual
capacity factor in California.
The
capacity factor (the percent of maximum generation potential actually generated) of the best sites for
wind turbines is about 40 %, and the average
capacity of all the
wind turbines used to generate utility
power in the United States was 25 % in 2007.
EIA provides the following chart of
capacity factors for hydroelectric,
wind, and solar
power worldwide.
Moreover, mountaintop
wind farms require additional transmission
capacity, which will only be used between 25 to 35 percent of the time due to
wind powers low
capacity factors.
note 9; «Spanish
Wind Power Industry Attacks New Rules,» Reuters, 2 February 2007; «EWEA Aims for 22 % of Europe's Electricity by 2030,» Wind Directions (November / December 2006), p. 34; a 1 - megawatt wind turbine operating 36 percent of the time generates 3.15 million kilowatt - hours and the average U.S. home consumes 10,000 kilowatt - hours per year; average energy consumption per U.S. home from DOE, EIA, Regional Energy Profile — U.S. Household Electricity Report (Washington, DC: July 2005); capacity factor from NREL,
Wind Power Industry Attacks New Rules,» Reuters, 2 February 2007; «EWEA Aims for 22 % of Europe's Electricity by 2030,»
Wind Directions (November / December 2006), p. 34; a 1 - megawatt wind turbine operating 36 percent of the time generates 3.15 million kilowatt - hours and the average U.S. home consumes 10,000 kilowatt - hours per year; average energy consumption per U.S. home from DOE, EIA, Regional Energy Profile — U.S. Household Electricity Report (Washington, DC: July 2005); capacity factor from NREL,
Wind Directions (November / December 2006), p. 34; a 1 - megawatt
wind turbine operating 36 percent of the time generates 3.15 million kilowatt - hours and the average U.S. home consumes 10,000 kilowatt - hours per year; average energy consumption per U.S. home from DOE, EIA, Regional Energy Profile — U.S. Household Electricity Report (Washington, DC: July 2005); capacity factor from NREL,
wind turbine operating 36 percent of the time generates 3.15 million kilowatt - hours and the average U.S. home consumes 10,000 kilowatt - hours per year; average energy consumption per U.S. home from DOE, EIA, Regional Energy Profile — U.S. Household Electricity Report (Washington, DC: July 2005);
capacity factor from NREL, op.
As a means of producing useful electrical
power,
wind and solar are very expensive generating technologies because of their low
capacity factors and because of their non-dispatchability and intermittency.
The variation in
capacity factor among the seven countries is due to the amount of solar vs.
wind power since
wind's
capacity factor is about half that of solar, and the country's location since solar
power is significantly less effective in Northern Europe.
An average
capacity factor of 21 percent is used for micro
wind, compared to 55 percent for conventional technologies such as coal, natural gas, and oil
power plants.
It could be that Senator Boswell was thinking of
capacity factor when he wrote about the proportion of the time that
wind farms generate
power; but even if he was, he was still wrong.
The smaller part of this misrepresentation by Senator Boswell was his statement that the
capacity factor of
wind power is around 20 % to 30 %, while the fact for the average of all south - eastern Australian
wind farms is a
capacity factor of about 35 % (from Australian Energy Market Operator figures).
The cost of
wind power in Germany where it achieves only about an 18 %
capacity factor must be higher than in the UK where they get about 26 %.
Because
wind and solar
power have a lower
capacity factor than nuclear or fossil fuels, their actual contribution will be much lower.)
The authors theorize that the «
capacity factor of a turbine is a function primarily of
wind speed, rated
power, and turbine diameter... the height of the turbine also plays a
factor.»
See the glossary for an explanation of
capacity factor and note that the
capacity factor for Australian
wind power is about twice that for Australian solar PV.
It is worth noting that the total solar PV installed in 2011 exceeded the total
wind power installed in the same year — although, because of the lower
capacity factor of solar, the
power generated from this installed
wind power will still be considerably greater than from the installed solar PV.
It could be that STT was thinking of
capacity factor when he wrote about the proportion of the time that
wind farms generate
power; but then too he was blatantly misrepresenting the fact.
(It is a matter of
capacity factor; for
wind power in SE Australia it is about 34 %.
One of the big challenges here is that
wind and solar
power plants have a much lower «
capacity factor» than plants that run on fuel.
Average
wind speeds in these areas are anticipated to be greater than eight metres per second, a
capacity factor of greater than 38 % is expected to be achievable and 10 GW (10 000 MW) of
wind power capacity could be installed (3000 to 5000 turbines of the size being built in 2010).
note 43, and Global
Wind Energy Council, Global
Wind 2006 Report (Brussels: 2007), p. 4, with
capacity factor from National Renewable Energy Laboratory,
Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Oak Ridge, TN: DOE, August 2006); Flemming Hansen, «Denmark to Increase
Wind Power to 50 % by 2025, Mostly Offshore,» Renewable Energy Access, 5 December 2006; Global
Wind Energy Council, «Global
Wind Energy Markets Continue to Boom - 2006 Another Record Year,» press release (Brussels: 2 February 2007), with European per person consumption from European
Wind Energy Association, «
Wind Power on Course to Become Major European Energy Source by the End of the Decade,» press release (Brussels: 22 November 2004); China water heaters calculated from Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century, Renewables Global Status Report, 2006 Update (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2006), p. 21, and from Bingham Kennedy, Jr., Dissecting China's 2000 Census (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, June 2001); Iceland National Energy Authority and Ministries of Industry and Commerce, Geothermal Development and Research in Iceland (Reykjavik, Iceland: April 2006), p. 16.
«
Wind and solar's «capacity factor» or availability to supply power is around 33 %, which means 67 % of the time wind and solar can not supply power and must be supplemented by a traditional energy source such as nuclear, natural gas or c
Wind and solar's «
capacity factor» or availability to supply
power is around 33 %, which means 67 % of the time
wind and solar can not supply power and must be supplemented by a traditional energy source such as nuclear, natural gas or c
wind and solar can not supply
power and must be supplemented by a traditional energy source such as nuclear, natural gas or coal.
Wind power is 42 % more expensive than nuclear and natural gas power... Wind and solar's» «capacity factor» or availability to supply power is around 33 %, which means 67 % of the time wind and solar can not supply power and must be supplemented by a traditional energy source such as nuclear, natural gas or coal.&ra
Wind power is 42 % more expensive than nuclear and natural gas
power...
Wind and solar's» «capacity factor» or availability to supply power is around 33 %, which means 67 % of the time wind and solar can not supply power and must be supplemented by a traditional energy source such as nuclear, natural gas or coal.&ra
Wind and solar's» «
capacity factor» or availability to supply
power is around 33 %, which means 67 % of the time
wind and solar can not supply power and must be supplemented by a traditional energy source such as nuclear, natural gas or coal.&ra
wind and solar can not supply
power and must be supplemented by a traditional energy source such as nuclear, natural gas or coal.»
With 19 % of its electricity produced by
wind power and a
capacity factor of 24 % Denmark is a perfect example.
Thus hydro, pumped hydro and NG generation would be used when nation wide
wind and solar
power generation is lower than demand, but used at a low
capacity factor (10 %).
And, again, this is baseload
power, and your typical coal plant has a
capacity factor that is some 2 to 3 times larger than that of
wind.
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Information Administration (EIA), Crude Oil Production, electronic database, at tonto.eia.doe.gov, updated 28 July 2008; American
Wind Energy Association (AWEA), «Installed U.S.
Wind Power Capacity Surged 45 % in 2007: American Wind Energy Association Market Report,» press release (Washington, DC: 17 January 2008); AWEA, U.S. Wind Energy Projects, electronic database, at www.awea.org/projects, updated 31 March 2009; future capacity calculated from Emerging Energy Research (EER), «US Wind Markets Surge to New Heights,» press release (Cambridge, MA: 14 August 2008); coal - fired power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 February
Power Capacity Surged 45 % in 2007: American Wind Energy Association Market Report,» press release (Washington, DC: 17 January 2008); AWEA, U.S. Wind Energy Projects, electronic database, at www.awea.org/projects, updated 31 March 2009; future capacity calculated from Emerging Energy Research (EER), «US Wind Markets Surge to New Heights,» press release (Cambridge, MA: 14 August 2008); coal - fired power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 Februa
Capacity Surged 45 % in 2007: American
Wind Energy Association Market Report,» press release (Washington, DC: 17 January 2008); AWEA, U.S.
Wind Energy Projects, electronic database, at www.awea.org/projects, updated 31 March 2009; future
capacity calculated from Emerging Energy Research (EER), «US Wind Markets Surge to New Heights,» press release (Cambridge, MA: 14 August 2008); coal - fired power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 Februa
capacity calculated from Emerging Energy Research (EER), «US
Wind Markets Surge to New Heights,» press release (Cambridge, MA: 14 August 2008); coal - fired
power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 February
power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt
capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 Februa
capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with
capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 Februa
capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL),
Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 February
Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 February 2009.
For the 2020 Medium scenario the countries studied showed an average annual
wind capacity factor of 23 — 25 %, rising to 30 — 40 %, when considering
power production during the 100 highest peak load situations — in almost all the cases studied, it was found that
wind generation produces more than average during peak load hours.
I have calculated the capital costs of
wind power in Australia at around $ 2.00 per installed Watt, or $ 6.00 per generated Watt (the weighted average
capacity factor of Australian
wind farms is 34 %).
Consider this reality: ONE (1) 450 MW gas - fired Combined Cycle Generating Unit located at New York City (where the
power is needed in NYS)-- operating at 60 %
Capacity Factor, would provide more
power than all of NYS's 16 installed
wind factories combined, at 1/4 of the capital costs — and would have significantly reduced CO2 emissions and created far more jobs than all those
wind farms — without all the added costs (economic, environmental, and civil), and of all the transmission lines that must be added across the state to NYC.