Lets say the interest rate of a corporate
XYZ bond is 6 % in 2005.
Assume that interest rates have gone up since you bought
your XYZ bond, and that new bonds of comparable quality are now paying 7 %.
Let's say that you decide to sell
your XYZ bond and use the money to take the family to the beach this summer.
Although you originally intended to hold onto
your XYZ bond for the full 30 years, real life is rarely quite that simple.
Here's how this affects
your XYZ bond.
For example, consider a Company
XYZ bond with a 10 % yield to maturity (YTM).
Why would any investor want to buy your old
XYZ bond that will pay him only $ 60 per year in interest when, for the same price, he can buy a new one that will pay $ 70?
If you purchase one of these new
XYZ bonds, you will receive $ 60 per year from XYZ on your $ 1,000 investment (6 % times $ 1,000).
The holders of the 10 % bonds would receive their principal back (and probably a small call premium), but they would then have to find other investments, none of which would probably pay as well as the Company
XYZ bonds.
Because investors can now buy 8 %
XYZ bonds, the old, 6 % bonds are now paying less than the market rate.
at any time the aggregate face value of
XYZ bonds that have not been redeemed is less than 10 % of the aggregate face value of the
XYZ bonds originally issued.
XYZ Limited has applied for
XYZ bonds to be quoted on ASX.
If at any time any member of the XYZ Limited group guarantees the obligations of any other member of the XYZ Limited group in respect of financial indebtedness, that guarantor will also guarantee the obligations of XYZ Limited under
XYZ bonds (for so long as the first - mentioned guarantee by the member of the XYZ Limited group remains in place).
XYZ Limited is seeking to raise approximately $ 200 million through
XYZ bonds.
There are risks associated with an investment in
XYZ bonds, as well as risks associated with an investment in XYZ Limited generally.
Holders of
XYZ bonds will have no right to require redemtpion prior to the maturity date except where there is change of control or
XYZ bonds cease to be quoted on ASX.
However it is not a condition of the offer that XYZ Limited receives applications for a minimum number of
XYZ bonds or that a minimum amount is raised and XYZ Limited as the right to raise more or less than the above amount.
XYZ bonds rank at least equally with all other unsecured obligations of XYZ Limited (othr than obligations mandatorily preferred by law) in relation to interest payments and the repayment of the issue price.
Not exact matches
So much sexier to say you bought
XYZ stock than a sovereign
bond (Except for a sovereign British
bond:O)-RRB-.
Assume that when
XYZ first sells its
bonds (through selected brokerage firms), you buy one of these brand - new
bonds at par value.
Then, in addition to the interest received from
XYZ, the buyer will also reap a profit when he ultimately collects $ 1,000 (if all goes well) for a
bond he bought from you for only, say, $ 900.
At that time,
XYZ will repay the par value to whoever owns its
bonds.
Bond traders would call these
bonds the «
XYZ sixes of» 45.»
No matter what happens to interest rates over the next 30 years,
XYZ is obligated to pay investors 6 % per year on these
bonds.
So if Company
XYZ's
bonds are callable, and rates fall from 10 % to 3 %, Company
XYZ will probably call the 10 %
bonds and issue new
bonds with a lower coupon.
Returning to our earlier example, if
XYZ gets into trouble due to poor management and earnings, its ability to pay off its
bond debts may come into question.
When I worked in the investment department of a number of life insurers, every now and then I would hear one of the portfolio managers say, «We know that the rating agencies are going to downgrade the
bonds of
XYZ Corp, but we like the story.
In other words,
XYZ will fund ABC's interest payments on its latest
bond issue.
If company ABC (Rating: AAA) wanted to issue
bonds at 5.00 % their competitor
XYZ (Rating: AA) would have to pay a higher yield to attract the equivalent investment because of the perceived lesser quality of their debt.
Discount refers to a price below the par value (price at maturity) and the interest rate is higher than the coupon of the
bond at par.E.g.: Company
XYZ Corporate 2015 6.50 trading at $ 95 (6.84 % yield).
Instead of issuing
bonds at 5.00 %
XYZ might need to offer investors a yield of 5.50 %.
C.D.O.'s were a step removed — instead of buying mortgages, they bought
bonds that were backed by mortgages, like the
bonds issued by Subprime
XYZ.
Since even the lowest - rated
bonds in
XYZ would be covered up to a loss level of 7.25 percent, the
bonds seemed safe.
To raise more money for growth,
XYZ wants to issue new
bonds.
So, in 2007
XYZ issues new 8 %
bonds.
If an investor who owns an
XYZ Company corporate
bond needs to sell his or her holding in a hurry, they would have to check the market, or with a broker for a current quote and see which parties might be interested in purchasing the
bond.