Sentences with phrase «z =»

Critical parenting was associated with HbA1c and the effect for youth externalizing problems on HbA1c was significantly (z = 2.67, p <.001) reduced when adherence was included in the equation (Fig. 1c).

Statistical tests of indirect effects revealed that EF at Time 2 mediated the relations between negative parent - child interactions and academic ability, B = − 0.07, SE = 0.03, Z = − 2.25, p = 0.024, and between parental scaffolding and academic ability, B = 2.68, SE = 1.13, Z = 2.38, p = 0.017.

These findings were confirmed by the non-significant direct path between negative parent - child interaction and academic ability, B = − 0.06, SE = 0.05, Z = − 1.18, p = 0.24, β = − 0.05, and between parental scaffolding and academic ability, B = 0.17, SE = 2.34, Z = 0.07, p = 0.94, β = 0.01.

This is similar to the prevalence (15.4 %) in a representative sample of mothers in the same Australian state.20 There was no significant difference in the median EPDS scores for mothers who had received an intervention during the Infant Sleep Study and the mothers in the control group (7 vs 5.5, z = 0.62, P =.54).

EF did not mediate the link between the HLE and academic ability, B = 0.03, SE = 0.02, Z = 1.36, p = 0.17.

The Sobel test was significant (Z = 1.96; P < 0.05) and showed that 38 % of the depression - A1C link can be explained by BGM.

Youth externalizing problems were associated with HbA1c and the effect for critical parenting on HbA1c was not significantly (z =.75, p <.45) reduced when adherence was included in the equation.

Examination of the tests of indirect effects revealed that general cognitive ability at Time 2 (as measured by the Matrix Reasoning task) did not mediate the relation between negative parent - child interaction and academic achievement, B = − 0.01, SE = 0.02, Z = − 0.63, p = 0.53, or the link between parental scaffolding and academic achievement, B = − 0.83, SE = 0.73, Z = − 1.13, p = 0.26.

Ethnicity was significantly linked to effect size (Z = 2.1, p < 0.05; Table 2), indicating that studies with more nonindigenous or non-Caucasians in their sample resulted in larger effect sizes.

Also, studies that focused on mothers alone yielded larger effect sizes than studies that focused on both parents or on «a parent» (r = 0.19 for mothers versus r = 0.17 for both parents or parent not specified; Z = -2.0, p < 0.05).

Comparisons of the rank of the sibling and the romantic partner in the attachment hierarchy within each sibling type revealed in line with the third prediction that MZ twins placed the twin, mean rank = 1.42, SD = 0.76, significantly higher than the romantic partner, mean rank = 2.10, SD = 0.88, z = 4.59, p <.001.

In the Volberg et al. (2001) study, being on social welfare was shown to be a significant risk factor for gambling problems (z = 2.41, p =.05).

Whereas MZ and DZ twins did not differ in the rank they assigned to their romantic partner, z = 0.74, p =.46, non-twin siblings ranked their romantic partner significantly higher in the attachment hierarchy than twins, MZ twins: z = 6.67, p <.001; DZ twins: z = 3.89, p <.001.

Secure Video: b = 0.43, SE = 0.36, z = 1.19, p = 0.23, 95 % CI [− 0.25, 1.20]; Dismissing Video: b = 0.33, SE = 0.31, z = 1.04, p = 0.30, 95 % CI [− 0.27, 0.99]; Preoccupied Video: b = 0.47, SE = 0.33, z = 1.42, p = 0.15, 95 % CI [− 0.14, 1.16].

In contrast to the fourth prediction, DZ twins did not place the sibling, mean rank = 1.76, SD = 0.99, higher than the romantic partner, mean rank = 2.02, SD = 1.01, z = 1.02, p =.31.

Regarding the transition from T3 to T4, statistically significant improvements were highlighted for maternal sensitivity (Z = -2.070), structuring (Z = -2.384, p = 0.017), non-intrusiveness (Z = -2.059, p = 0.040) and in child responsiveness (Z = -2.121, p = 0.034).

The Sobel test showed that both competence satisfaction (z = 4.07, p <.001) and relatedness satisfaction (z = 2.27, p <.05) fully mediated the participation in activities — life satisfaction relationship.

We found significant differences between published and unpublished studies (r = 0.19 for published studies versus r = 0.13 for unpublished studies; Z = -4.5, p < 0.001; Table 1), which is in accordance with previous findings with regard to publication bias (Van IJzendoorn 1998).

The attachment - delinquency link was significantly stronger if parent and child had the same sex (r = 0.22 for same sex versus r = 0.18 for different sex; Z = -2.1, p < 0.05).

Age Attachment = Age at attachment measurement, Age Delinquency = Age at delinquency measurement, # ES = number of effect sizes, Z = significance of moderator, heterogeneity = within class heterogeneity (Z), Δfit = difference with model without moderators (χ2)

Supporting the first and second prediction, MZ twins ranked their sibling marginally higher in the attachment hierarchy than DZ twins, z = 2.03, p =.04, and DZ twins ranked their sibling higher in the attachment hierarchy than non-twin siblings, z = 5.22, p <.001.

Studies that relied on self - report measures of delinquency yielded larger effect sizes than studies in which delinquency data was collected via official records, such as police or court records (i.e., arrests or convictions; r = -0.19 for self - reported delinquency versus r = -0.10 for official delinquency; Z = -4.9, p < 0.001; Table 1).

RC = reference category, # studies = number of independent studies; # ES = number of effect sizes, Z = difference in mean r with reference category, mean r = mean effect size (r), heterogeneity = within class heterogeneity (Z), Δfit = difference with model without moderators (χ2)

Model 1: Age = child's age attachment measurement; Model 2: Age = child's age at delinquency, Z = significance of moderator.

However, attachment to mothers was more strongly related to delinquency than attachment to fathers (r = 0.21 for mothers versus r = 0.19 for fathers; Z = -2.6, p < 0.01).

In the Volberg et al. (2001) study, living in a large city was shown to be a risk factor for gambling problems (z = 4.00, p <.01).

A Wilcoxon signed - rank test indicated that the median mental wellbeing level of the sample (Mdn = 45, min: 25, max: 66) was lower than the median of the general UK population for the 35 — 44 age range (Mdn = 51, Z = − 4.344, p <.001).

Participants in IBSM also reduced their medication costs (Z = − 2.97; p = 0.006), whereas ICBT participants did not (Z = − 0.38; p = 0.703).

In ICBT and IBSM, there were significant reductions in gross total costs, healthcare visit costs, direct non-medical costs and costs of domestic work cutback (Z = − 5.78 — 2.11; p = 0.000 — 0.035).

Moreover, in support of H2, a significantly greater proportion of participants perceived balance (mutual sharing of work) in the current maintenance stage than in the earlier initiation stage (67.7 % vs. 35.8 %, z = 4.21, p <.001).

The interaction was not significant among late - midlife couples, B = 0.04, z = 0.09, ns, and, therefore, was constrained to zero.

We found a trend in the category authoritative parenting (z = 1.92, p < 0.10, k = 12), indicating a trend for the link between higher reliabilities and larger effect sizes.

For the number of delinquency items in a questionnaire we found a trend in the category psychological control (z = 1.68, p < 0.10, k = 19), indicating that stronger links between psychological control and delinquency were found in studies that used measures with a larger number of items on delinquent acts.

Impact factor was significant in two parenting dimensions: authoritative control (z = − 1.90, p < 0.06, k = 12) and general control (z = − 2.28, p < 0.05, k = 10).

The Sobel test was significant, z = 2.20, p <.05, and this mediation pathway is illustrated in Figure 6.

Significant effects of age were found on general parenting (z = − 2.05, p < 0.05, k = 9).

Instead, effect sizes in the studies with measures including a higher proportion of non-illegal problem behaviors were stronger in the category indirect parenting behavior (z = 2.36, p < 0.05, k = 41).

No difference was evident in the age at diagnosis of children of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin registered with HCWAP (U = 3 455 468.5; z = − 1.77; P = 0.08; r = 0.02), but children from a CALD background were diagnosed, on average, 5 months earlier (U = 9 444 467.5; z = − 10.36; P < 0.001; r = 0.08).

Although girls registered with HCWAP were diagnosed, on average, 1 month earlier (48 months) than boys (49 months), this difference was not significant considering the conservative α adopted (U = 17 177 845; z = − 2.06; P = 0.04; r = 0.02).

Analysis of the data showed that adolescents in both groups had more realistic expectations of their children after completing the study (Z = -2.032 p = -LSB-.05).

Table 2 shows the positive screening rates for Time 1 for all 80680 patients ages 4 through 15 in our primary analytical sample and the positive screening rates for patients ages 4 through 15 in the original derivation sample.3 In contrast to the positive screening rate of 11.6 % in the current sample, the overall PSC - 17 positive screening rate reported in the original study was 15 % (z = − 12.61; P <.001).

Similarly, in the mediation regression where both S allelic frequency and cultural value of individualism — collectivism were included as predictors of global depression prevalence across 12 nations, individualism — collectivism remained a reliable predictor (β = − 0.23, p < 0.05), and the effect of S allele frequency decreased significantly (from r (12) = − 0.51 to r (12) = − 0.01; Sobel test Z = − 1.92, p < 0.05)(figure 3b).

In the mediation regression where both S allelic frequency and cultural values of individualism — collectivism were included as predictors of global anxiety prevalence across 12 nations, individualism — collectivism remained a reliable predictor (β = − 0.24, p < 0.05), and the effect of S allele frequency decreased significantly (from r (12) = − 0.55 to r (12) = − 0.08; Sobel test Z = − 1.60, p = 0.05)(figure 3a).

The difference in positive screening rates on the attention subscale in the 2 samples was small (9.1 % current study vs 10 % original study, z = − 3.77; P <.001) but statistically significant.

The last 2 rows of Table 2 show that boys were more likely to screen positive than girls (14.1 % vs 9.0 %; z = 22.59; P <.001, 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.047 — 0.055).

In the mediation regression where both historical pathogen prevalence and S allelic frequency were included as predictors of cultural values of individualism — collectivism across 29 nations, S allelic frequency remained a reliable predictor (β = 0.45, p < 0.007), and the effect of global historical pathogen prevalence decreased significantly (from r (29) = 0.72 to r (29) = 0.42; Sobel test Z = 2.28, p < 0.05).

(b) In the mediation regression where both S allelic frequency and cultural value of individualism — collectivism were included as predictors of global depression prevalence across 12 nations, individualism — collectivism remained a reliable predictor (β = − 0.21, p < 0.05), and the effect of S allele frequency decreased significantly (from r (12) = − 0.51 to r (12) = − 0.03; Sobel test Z = − 1.92, p < 0.05).

Using logistic regression controlling for zygosity, sex, age at interview, interview form, and correlations within families, the level of standardized neuroticism strongly predicted risk of phobia (OR, 1.67; 95 % CI, 1.58 - 1.77; z = 18.55; P <.001).

The standardized (z - transformed) regression coefficients, βs, were taken as within - conditions (or within - groups) effect - size estimates, and the differences between the unstandardized regression coefficients, bs, were tested according to Cohen [29]: z = (b1 − b2) / -LSB-(SE12 + SE22) 1/2].

Initial rates of psychiatric disorder did not predict the likelihood of missing assessments (z = 1.5; P =.23), suggesting no effect of differential dropout.