In contrast, the positive phase of the Southern Oscillation occurs during La Niña episodes, and refers to the situation when abnormally low air pressure covers Indonesia and the western tropical Pacific and
abnormally high air pressure covers the eastern tropical Pacific.
While western states baked in
abnormally warm winter and spring conditions fueled by a stubborn ridge of
high pressure over the region, bouts of Arctic
air kept the eastern half of the country in a distinct chill.