However, it's very clear that The Economist does * not * «equate» uncertainty
about climate sensitivity with uncertainty about emission levels.
Not exact matches
They used two different
climate models, each
with a different
sensitivity to carbon dioxide, to project California's future under two scenarios: an optimistic one, in which we only double the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere — since the 19th century we've already increased it by
about a third — and a pessimistic scenario, in which we more than triple CO2.
Isaac Held, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
climate scientist, said he agreed
with the researchers
about the «the importance of getting the ice - liquid ratio in mixed - phase clouds right,» but he doesn't agree that global
climate models generally underestimate
climate sensitivity.
When Otto calculated the
climate sensitivity from his data, he found it was
about 2 °C —
with a range of 0.9 to 5 °C — well below the IPCC's best estimate of 3 °C.
The Hansen et al study (2004) on target atmospheric CO2 and
climate sensitivity is quite clear on this topic: equilibrium responses would double the GCM - based estimates,
with very little to be said
about transient effects.
If they would use a more realistic
climate transfer
sensitivity of 0.11 K / Wm -2, or even somewhat higher (0.12 or 0.13) for the long - term, and use trends instead of smooth curve points, they would end up
with solar contributions of 10 % or less for 1950 - 2000 and near 0 % and
about 10 % in 1980 - 2000 using the PMOD and ACRIM data, respectively.
On the face of it the range of the IPCC models is centrally within the A&H 90 % range, but visual inspection of Figure 1 suggests that A&H find that there is
about a 45 % probability that
climate sensitivity is below the lower end of the range quoted by Meehl in August 2004 (Of course the IPCC draft report, which I have not seen, may include models
with lower
sensitivity than 2.6 ºC).
As for the points Ferdinand makes in his (large) comment, I still contend that Ferdinand is misinterpreting the work on
climate sensitivity to various forcings, and the need to make the
sensitivity inference consistent
with what we know
about the physics of the system.
While I'm posting (I can see how you guys get into this) I'm also very uncomfortable
with your notion of «tacit knowledge:» it certainly seems to be tacit knowledge in the blogosphere that the chances of the
climate sensitivity (equilibrium warming on indefinite stabilization at 560ppm CO2, for the non-enthusiasts) being greater than or equal to 6 degrees are too small to be worth worrying
about (meaning down at the level of an asteroid strike).
We show that observed global warming is consistent
with knowledge of changing
climate forcings, Earth's measured energy imbalance, and the canon - ical estimate of
climate sensitivity, i.e.,
about 3 ◦ C global warming for doubled atmospheric CO2.
It is important to realize that the nature of CO2's lead / lag relationship
with Antarctica is insightful for our understanding of carbon cycle dynamics and the sequence of events that occur during a deglaciation, but it yields very little information
about climate sensitivity.
«The closest match,
with a much lower degree of uncertainty than most other studies, suggests
climate sensitivity is
about 2.4 degrees.»
As stated last year, the Scenario B in that paper is running a little high compared
with the actual forcings growth (by
about 10 %)(and high compared to A1B), and the old GISS model had a
climate sensitivity that was a little higher (4.2 ºC for a doubling of CO2) than the best estimate (~ 3ºC).
I don't know
about Nature and real climatologists, but I was interested in Efficiently constraining
climate sensitivity with paleoclimate simulations.
During the first 3 days of March 2005, balmy downtown Honolulu in Hawaii was buzzing
with agile scientists conversing, chatting, announcing, briefing and informing
about IPCC assessment reports,
climate models, model evaluations,
climate sensitivities and feedbacks.
Regardless of what we think
about D - O events, I am in complete agreement
with Stefan that there is no evidence of any kind at present that the present
climate suffers any kind of initial - condition
sensitivity that would compromise the value of projections of response of statistical quantities to increases in GHG's.
This gives a
climate sensitivity of
about 3 degrees for a doubling, consistent
with the widely used «Charney
sensitivity».
With an honest appraisal of the full uncertainty, also in the forcing, one must come to the conclusion that such a short period is not sufficient to draw conclusions
about the
climate sensitivity.
I sincerely hope that you are not serious in maintaining the following: The peak warming is linearly proportional to the cumulative carbon emitted It doesn't matter much how rapidly the carbon is emitted The warming you get when you stop emitting carbon is what you are stuck
with for the next thousand years The
climate recovers only slightly over the next ten thousand years At the mid-range of IPCC
climate sensitivity, a trillion tonnes cumulative carbon gives you
about 2C global mean warming above the pre-industrial temperature.
Over very long time periods such that the carbon cycle is in equilibrium
with the
climate, one gets a
sensitivity to global temperature of
about 20 ppm CO2 / deg C, or 75 ppb CH4 / deg C. On shorter timescales, the
sensitivity for CO2 must be less (since there is no time for the deep ocean to come into balance), and variations over the last 1000 years or so (which are less than 10 ppm), indicate that even if Moberg is correct, the maximum
sensitivity is around 15 ppm CO2 / deg C. CH4 reacts faster, but even for short term excursions (such as the 8.2 kyr event) has a similar
sensitivity.
Duster, you can experiment
with CO2 in a chamber until the cows come home and it will never give you a clue
about climate sensitivity.
We can study ice ages to approximate
climate sensitivity, which indicate a value consistent
with the accepted value of
about 2 - 4 °C per doubling of CO2.
Surely we can agree
about the basics (radiative physics; likelihood that
climate sensitivity is above 2C; impacts will likely increase
with increased warming).
Steve: Willis, I've posted late in 2007
about Kiehl's report that GCMs
with high
climate sensitivity adopted aerosol histories
with relative low variability and conversely; thus there is more coherence in the GCM ensembles than in the underlying data — suggesting a certain shall - we - say opportunism in the aerosol history selection.
Armour's findings were
about time - varying
climate sensitivity and have nothing at all to do
with forcing efficacies.
The author's points on non-linearity and time delays are actually more relevant to the discussion in other presentations when I talked
about whether the
climate models that show high future
sensitivities to CO2 are consistent
with past history, particularly if warming in the surface temperature record is exaggerated by urban biases.
If you've read Lindzen's talk at the House of Commons, you'll have seen where the IPCC completely agrees
with his opening remarks
about climate sensitivity.
If you want to argue
with people
about the «accuracy» of global temps, present day and in the past, I think that you should take that up
with someone like Judith, who thinks that the records are accurate enough to determine that there has been a trend of rising global SATs that has «paused,» and that the measurements are accurate enough to determine a «wave,» and to determine a range of the
climate's
sensitivity to ACO2.
Traditionally, only fast feedbacks have been considered (
with the other feedbacks either ignored or treated as forcing), which has led to estimates of the
climate sensitivity for doubled CO2 concentrations of
about 3 ◦ C.
Plugging in our possible
climate sensitivity values, this gives us an expected surface temperature change of
about 1 — 2.2 °C of global warming,
with a most likely value of 1.4 °C.
He paid no attention to my points, made strawman arguments based on putting words in my mouth that I had not said, made blatantly false claims
about my
climate analyses, failed to distinguish the different notions of
climate sensitivity, and misrepresented Arrhenius, Let me illustrate
with the following dozen -LRB-!)
[¶]... Basing our assessment on a combination of several independent lines of evidence, as summarised in Box 10.2 Figures 1 and 2, including observed
climate change and the strength of known feedbacks simulated in GCMs, we conclude that the global mean equilibrium warming for doubling CO2, or «equilibrium
climate sensitivity», is likely to lie in the range 2 °C to 4.5 °C,
with a most likely value of
about 3 °C.
The frontpage implies that
climate science to date has not been «real,» while the many errors made by the speakers as well as their serious credibility issues (Willie Soon's infamous paper, another paper more recently
with Noah Robinson that made up data, Spencer's flawed book on
climate sensitivity, Singer's history since
about 1990, Schmitt's uncorrected error in a NASA paper, Bast and Taylor's lies in defense of Schmitt, and so on) suggest the opposite — the speakers at the ICCC are the ones attempting to falsify the science.
James Annan, of Frontier Research For Global Change, a prominent «warmist», recently said high estimates for
climate sensitivity now look «increasingly untenable»,
with the true figure likely to be
about half of the IPCC prediction in its last report in 2007.
The vast majority of the public knows a lot less
about climate sensitivity, the link between hurricanes and CO2 or analogues
with past
climates than either you or I do, but the link between these issues and actual policy is quite convoluted.
Equilibrium
climate sensitivity is likely to be in the range 2 °C to 4.5 °C
with a most likely value of
about 3 °C, based upon multiple observational and modelling constraints.
It could be that an improved understanding of the dynamical transport mechanisms associated
with the DALR and convection might help place limits on the
climate sensitivity to GH forcing, and that people on this list could be thinking
about things like that instead of trying to pretend that the GHE isn't real.
Any student of
climate can say
with confidence that the IPCC Fourth Assessment was wrong
about either attribution or
climate sensitivity or both.
Thinking
about the problem in terms of temperature increase for a doubling of atmospheric CO2 (which we will probably exceed
with current policies and energy trends), even studies that reinforce the skeptical narrative of low mean
climate sensitivity leaves some chance of warming greatly exceeding international goals and historical boundaries (say a 5 percent chance of warming exceeding 4 °C).
With «climate» science we have the advocates messaging both the data and the models to get what they believe will happen — e.g. with CO2 sensitivity about twice reality e
With «
climate» science we have the advocates messaging both the data and the models to get what they believe will happen — e.g.
with CO2 sensitivity about twice reality e
with CO2
sensitivity about twice reality etc..
You could go further and talk
about tuning to «emergent constraints» for
climate sensitivity, observational metrics that are correlated
with climate sensitivity when looking across model ensembles.
Dolphinhead @ 12:36, Richard Betts had a cautious but basically positive comment
about Nic Lewis's derivation of
climate sensitivity here on the post
with Nic's calculations.
The IPCC in its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) concluded that
climate sensitivity is likely to be in the range 2 to 4.5 °C
with a best estimate of
about 3 °C, and is very unlikely to be less than 1.5 °C.
In most cases, these range from
about 2 to 4.5 C per doubled CO2 within the context of our current
climate —
with a most likely value between 2 and 3 C. On the other hand, chapter 9 describes attempts ranging far back into paleoclimatology to relate forcings to temperature change, sometimes directly (
with all the attendant uncertainties), and more often by adjusting model parameters to determine the
climate sensitivity ranges that allow the models to best simulate data from the past — e.g., the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).
The problem catastrophists have
with defending their higher
climate sensitivities is that these
sensitivities imply that we should have seen much more warming over the past 100 years, as much as 1.5 C or more instead of
about 0.6 C.
The equilibrium
climate sensitivity will be
about 50 % greater than this due to the ocean acting as a heat sink, so the ECS will be
about 3C, in line
with the mean estimate from the models.
The problem
with JA's argument
about bounding
climate sensitivity is that even
with a Cauchy prior, the result depends critically on the location of the prior.
This fits in pretty nicely, in a rough sort of way,
with the idea that
climate sensitivity is
about half what the IPCC thinks, e.g., you might get 1.25 to 1.5 degrees C for a doubling of CO2 and equivalents.
Transient
Climate Sensitivity (TCS) is a more realistic way to evaluate the actual global warming effects of CO2 that can be validated with actual data, but TCS is rarely reported in peer - reviewed paper or media articles, because the sensitivity is about half the ECS value and is not s
Sensitivity (TCS) is a more realistic way to evaluate the actual global warming effects of CO2 that can be validated
with actual data, but TCS is rarely reported in peer - reviewed paper or media articles, because the
sensitivity is about half the ECS value and is not s
sensitivity is
about half the ECS value and is not so alarming.
This figure indicates 3 things: (1) the time lag between emitting greenhouse gases and when we see the principle effect is
about 30 years, due mostly to the time required to heat the oceans, (2) the rate of temperature increase predicted by a
climate sensitivity of 3 °C tracks well
with the observed rate of temperature increase, and (3) we have already locked in more than 1.5 °C warming.