Not exact matches
Experts estimate that the US only has enough natural gas
reserves to last 93 more years, and enough
coal to last
about 283 years.
The big issue around climate change that «nobody's talking
about» is whether oil and
coal companies are prepared to write down 80 % of their
reserves.
Many of his mistakes are big ones: he bungles the issues involving
reserves and resources that are critical to his core argument
about oil remaining cheap; he drastically misleads his readers
about the extent to which sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from
coal - burning have been reduced; he trivializes the climate - change risks from
coals carbon dioxide emissions by suggesting we know the impacts will be worth only 0.64 cents per kilowatt - hour.
In all three of the following studies that Iâ $ ™ m
about to link, conducted by the National Academy of Sciences, Energy Watch Group and the United States Geological Survey, labor productivity is perceived as a strong marker of the economic recoverability of remaining
coal reserves.
After serving in the US coast guard
reserve and then studying ballet, Cooper made his big screen debut in John Sayles» emotive drama
about a
coal miners» strike in the 1920s.
While all such forecasts are implicitly uncertain, this one helps clarify where to focus efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions; reinforces the importance of resolving questions
about how to safely expand, while not stopping, extraction of vast domestic
reserves of natural gas; and powerfully challenges proponents of accelerated deployment of today's menu of renewable energy technologies or nuclear power plants to lay out a credible strategy for supplanting
coal.
«9 Based on the IEO2006 reference case forecast for
coal consumption, and assuming that world
coal consumption would continue to increase at a rate of 2.0 percent per year after 2030, current estimated recoverable world
coal reserves would last for
about 70 years.»
There is a raging battle today
about the size of fossil fuel
reserves and resources, with «peakists» claiming that we are already at or near peak production of both oil and
coal because the amounts of economically recoverable fuels in the ground are more limited than the fossil fuel industry has admitted.
The authors note that as fossil fuel
reserves shrink, as air pollution worsens, and as concerns
about climate instability cast a shadow over the future of
coal, oil, and natural gas, a new world energy economy is emerging.
I'm personally worried
about coal prices spiking alongside oil like in 2008, but EIA estimates
about 120 years worth or
reserves which do not have the same recovery problems relating to oil.
But the 51 gigatonnes of carbon pollution (GtCO2) in the
coal reserves that Australian companies already have on their books represent
about 25 per cent of a precautionary 200 GtCO2 global carbon budget for
coal.
Also in 1979, British
Coal estimated «coal in place» at 190 billion tonnes, of which about 45 billion tonnes might eventually be shown to be a reserve, a figure that has been taken to indicate that there is enough coal for the next 300 years at the prevailing rate of min
Coal estimated «
coal in place» at 190 billion tonnes, of which about 45 billion tonnes might eventually be shown to be a reserve, a figure that has been taken to indicate that there is enough coal for the next 300 years at the prevailing rate of min
coal in place» at 190 billion tonnes, of which
about 45 billion tonnes might eventually be shown to be a
reserve, a figure that has been taken to indicate that there is enough
coal for the next 300 years at the prevailing rate of min
coal for the next 300 years at the prevailing rate of mining.
The application, submitted in 2005, covers a tract projected to contain
about 56 million tons of
coal reserves.
Of those US
reserves, a 1975 USGS assessment of
coal resources in the US found Alaskan recoverable
reserves (5.3 billion tons) to be
about 3 % of the total US recoverable
reserves at the time (192 billion tons)...
ENERGY OVERVIEW Proven Oil
Reserves (1 / 1 / 02E): 2.9 billion barrels Oil Production (2002E): 818,000 barrels per day (bbl / d), of which
about 763,000 bbl / d was crude oil Oil Consumption (2002E): 483,000 bbl / d Net Oil Exports (2001E): 335,000 bbl / d Natural Gas
Reserves (1 / 1 / 02E): 27.5 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) Natural Gas Production (2000E): 1.32 Tcf Natural Gas Consumption (2000E): 1.17 Tcf Net Natural Gas Exports (2000E): 0.15 Tcf
Coal Reserves (2000E): 474 million short tons (Mmst)
Coal Production (2000E): 0.33 Mmst
Coal Consumption (2000E): 1.47 Mmst Electric Generation Capacity (1 / 1 / 00E): 24 gigawatts (GW) Electricity Generation (2000E): 82.8 billion kilowattthours (bkwh); conventional thermal 52 %, hydroelectricity 41 %, nuclear 7 %
When we talk
about «proof» we're not talking
about smoke and mirrors «modelling» based on long - term average wind farm output — which ignores the extra gas and
coal being burnt (and wasted) in order to balance the grid to account for wild fluctuations in wind power output (see our post here); and to maintain additional «spinning
reserve» (see our post here) to account for complete collapses in wind power output — as seen in this post.
At current rates of use, we have only enough petroleum
reserves (counting tar sands and shale) for
about a century, and sufficient
coal for
about 300 years.
Obviously switching from
coal to gas would be sensible as can be seen from the US, which is the only developed country that has managed a «worthwhile» reduction in CO2 emissions brought
about its exploitation of its shale gas
reserves and switching energy production away from
coal to the newly sourced gas.
A financial think tank named Carbon Tracker has shown that
about 80 % of the world's
coal reserves can never be mined, yet the mining companies involved are in denial; they all seem to believe that their
coal deposits can be mined, it is other companies that will miss out.
Under a 2 - degree scenario, Citigroup says
about one - third of oil
reserves, half of natural gas
reserves, and 80 per cent of
coal reserves need to stay in the ground.
To date, we have added
about 1.5 trillion tons of CO2 from fossil fuel use (this is my recollection from papers by Meinshausen and others), and so by my very rough calculations,
coal alone would permit us to contribute much more to atmospheric CO2 than we have already done, with a warming effect substantially greater than what we have already observed — and that is without counting oil and gas
reserves.
You'd have to make an unrealistic assumption
about extractable
coal reserves (plus shale to oil, tar sands etc.) to believe that we don't have enough fossil fuels to really wreck the Earth's climate.