There is uncertainty
about degree of warming, about the role of ocean currents as a «sink hole» for CO2 resorption from the atmosphere.
The 400 scientists they characterize as disputing man - made climate change include mostly folks no one has ever heard of, and the quotes they cherry pick aren't all expressing doubt about whether climate change is real and a problem — many are simply expressing differing opinions
about the degree of warming and the consequences of that warming.
There is nothing to worry
about a degree of warming.
Not exact matches
The Gulf
of Mexico right now is
about two
degrees warmer than ever in history.
With the simple timer, you can cut power off to your slow cooker after say 2 hours
of warming, and your food will still probably be at
about 140
degrees when you are ready to eat.
To rewarm, simple place in a toaster, 1/2 waffle at a time to toast (I needed two rounds
of normal «bread» toasting,
about 5 minutes)-- or toast in a 350
degree oven until browned and
warm through.
Cook medallions, covered,
about two to three minutes per side or to an internal temperature
of 145
degrees F. Remove medallions from grill, tent with foil, and keep
warm in a low oven until service.
1/2 cup
warm water (
about 100 - 110
degrees) 2 tablespoons - maple syrup 1 package Red Star Quick Rise or Active Dry yeast 4 eggs - beaten (
about 230g out
of the shell) 1 1/3 cup (180g) Otto's Cassava Flour 1 1/3 cup (180g) Arrowroot flour 1 tsp salt (we use Redmond Real Salt) 4 tbsp butter
Carefully put the fish into the hot oil and cook
about five minutes, turning occasionally, until the fish reaches an internal temperature
of 140
degrees F. Transfer the cooked fillets to a
warm oven and hold while cooking the remaining fish.
When a good smoke develops, place the chops on the cooking grate, lower the cover and smoke - cook the chops
about 1 to 1 1/2 hours or to an internal temperature
of 155
degrees F. Remove chops from smoker, tent with aluminum foil and keep
warm until service.
Depending on the type
of chocolate you use (particularly with dairy free chocolate), you may need to add a little bit
of dairy free margarine (or butter) to the melted chips — you want the chocolate to flow easily when
warmed to
about 89
degrees, but still able to set when at room temperature.
The afternoon was perfect, clear and cloudless and, at
about 25 [
degrees], plenty
warm for a few hours
of winter fun.
Fill the tub with
about 3 inches
of water that feels
warm but not hot to the inside
of your wrist —
about 90
degrees Fahrenheit (32
degrees Celsius) or a few
degrees warmer.
After it heats up,
about 90 percent
of that water is discharged back into the Sound at
about 20
degrees warmer than when it was taken in, said Ken Holt, a spokesman for Millstone.
During the Eocene, the concentration
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was more than 560 parts per million, at least twice preindustrial levels, and the epoch kicked off with a global average temperature more than 8
degrees Celsius —
about 14
degrees Fahrenheit —
warmer than today, gradually cooling over the next 22 million years.
W [hat] we are finding though is that if we get to
warming that is more than; right now, we
warmed about, maybe six - tenths
of a
degree centigrade,
about [one]
degree Fahrenheit
warmer than we would have been.
But they've been especially interested in the most recent period
of abrupt global
warming, the Bølling - Allerød, which occurred
about 14,500 years ago when average temperatures in Greenland rose
about 15
degrees Celsius in
about 3,000 years.
Unusually
warm surface water in the Gulf
of Mexico —
about 2
degrees Fahrenheit
warmer than normal — may be a factor, he said.
U.S. Department
of Agriculture scientists grew weeds in three sites: an organic farm in western Maryland, a park in a suburb
of Baltimore, and in downtown Baltimore, which is choked with smog and
about 3 to 4
degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside because
of the urban heat island effect.
The
Warming Meadow's radiators raise average soil temperatures by
about three
degrees Fahrenheit, decrease growing season soil moisture by up to twenty percent and advance the spring snowmelt date by up to a month in order to simulate predicted effects
of climate change.
(Im) permafrost According to a 2007 global outlook from the U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP), the frozen soil
of the Tibetan plateau has
warmed about 0.3
degree Celsius over the past 30 years — after the poles, faster than anywhere else on the planet.
The BBC team used clever analogies and appealing graphics to discuss three key numbers that help clarify important questions
about climate change: 0.85
degrees Celsius — how much the Earth has
warmed since the 1880s; 95 % — how sure scientists are that human activity is the major cause
of Earth's recent
warming; and one trillion tons — the best estimate
of the amount
of carbon that can be burned before risking dangerous climate change.
He calculated that the Beaver Pond larch thrived at a yearly average
of minus 5.5 C (22 F),
about 14
degrees warmer than today's average.
So if you think
of going in [a]
warming direction
of 2
degrees C compared to a cooling direction
of 5
degrees C, one can say that we might be changing the Earth, you know, like 40 percent
of the kind
of change that went on between the Ice Age; and now are going back in time and so a 2 -
degree change, which is
about 4
degrees F on a global average, is going to be very significant in terms
of change in the distribution
of vegetation, change in the kind
of climate zones in certain areas, wind patterns can change, so where rainfall happens is going to shift.
It also eliminates much
of the uncertainty surrounding potentially ill effects; whereas various mathematical models may disagree
about when and at what concentrations Arctic Ocean sea ice disappears, they all agree that at roughly 3
degrees C
of warming, the far north will be ice - free.
As Stephen C. Riser and M. Susan Lozier note in their February 2013 Scientific American article, «Rethinking the Gulf Stream,» «A comparison
of the Argo data with ocean observations from the 1980s, carried out by Dean Roemmich and John Gilson
of the Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, shows that the upper few hundred meters
of the oceans have
warmed by
about 0.2
degree C in the past 20 years.
«Hurricanes almost always form over ocean water
warmer than
about 80
degrees F. in a belt
of generally east - to - west flow called the trade winds.
In the latter half
of the decade, La Niña conditions persisted in the eastern and central tropical Pacific, keeping global surface temperatures
about 0.1
degree C colder than average — a small effect compared with long - term global
warming but a substantial one over a decade.
At that point it is
about 2
degrees warmer than the water at the seafloor and three - tenths
of a
degree warmer than the water surrounding the plume.
The coldest night
of the winter in this region has
warmed by
about 7
degrees Fahrenheit in the past 50 years, creating favorable conditions for the southern pine beetle to increase its range.
Results
of a new study by researchers at the Northeast Climate Science Center (NECSC) at the University
of Massachusetts Amherst suggest that temperatures across the northeastern United States will increase much faster than the global average, so that the 2 -
degrees Celsius
warming target adopted in the recent Paris Agreement on climate change will be reached
about 20 years earlier for this part
of the U.S. compared to the world as a whole.
The implication: because average temperatures may
warm by at least one
degree C by 2030, «climate change could increase the incidences
of African civil war by 55 percent by 2030, and this could result in
about 390,000 additional battle deaths if future wars are as deadly as recent wars.»
Aerosols are already known to reduce global
warming: The vast clouds
of sulfates thrown up in the 1991 eruption
of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, for example, reduced average global temperatures by
about half a
degree Celsius.
A concerted effort to do ecosystem restoration around the world could pull
about half a
degree of warming out
of the system before it actually happens.
«We came to take a half a
degree Celsius out
of future
warming, and we won
about 90 percent
of our climate prize,» said Durwood Zaelke, president
of the Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development, who has worked toward the agreement for more than a decade.
A system
of pumps continually flushed new seawater —
warmed to
about 70
degrees — into the cylinders.
«The long - term baseline temperature is
about three tens
of a
degree (C)
warmer than it was when the big El Niño
of 1997 - 1998 began, and that event set the one - month record with an average global temperature that was 0.66 C (almost 1.2
degrees F)
warmer than normal in April 1998.»
January through August
of 1998 are all in the 14
warmest months in the satellite record, and that El Niño started when global temperatures were somewhat chilled; the global average temperature in May 1997 was 0.14 C (
about 0.25
degrees F) cooler than the long - term seasonal norm for May.
Despite the six months
of darkness each year, the terrestrial Arctic climate included
warm humid summers and mild winters with temperatures ranging from just above freezing to
about 70
degrees Fahrenheit.
Scientists at the University
of Leicester placed infected sticklebacks into a tank
of water at 68
degrees Fahrenheit —
about 9
degrees warmer than a typical summer's day in Britain — and found the tapeworms to grow four times faster than normal.
«We found that where ocean temperatures
warmed beyond a certain point as we neared the equator, at
about 29
degrees, the pace
of larval development slowed,» says study lead author, Dr Ian McLeod.
But now it appears the energy balance has become slightly lopsided due to a buildup
of greenhouse gases,
warming our planet overall by
about 0.8
degrees in the past 50 years.
The current goals would drop that to
about 3.5 °C
of warming, one
degree lower.
As I understand it (from the IPCC report and from Ramanathan en Feng, Sept 23 2008 in PNAS) stopping all emissions suddenly would cause
about 1.6
degree Celsius
of extra
warming, because short - lived pollution would quickly be removed from the atmosphere.
I expect the rate
of warming to proceed at a steady pace,
about one and a half
degrees over land in the next 50 years, less if the oceans are included.
The public, press and policy makers have been repeatedly told that three claims have widespread scientific support: Global temperature has risen
about a
degree since the late 19th century; levels
of CO2 in the atmosphere have increased by
about 30 % over the same period; and CO2 should contribute to future
warming.
Abstract: Analyses
of underground temperature measurements from 358 boreholes in eastern North America, central Europe, southern Africa, and Australia indicate that, in the 20th century, the average surface temperature
of Earth has increased by
about 0.5
degrees C and that the 20th century has been the
warmest of the past five centuries.
«Ocean temperatures rose substantially during that
warming episode — as much as 7 to 9
degrees Celsius (
about 12 to 16
degrees Fahrenheit) in some areas
of the North Atlantic.
After the start
of the Deccan eruptions and the resulting rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide, local temperatures
warmed about 7.8
degrees C (14
degrees F).
«If we assume an optimistic scenario for greenhouse gas emissions — the RCP 2.6 scenario, [see Fact Box] which would result in a
warming of about two
degrees Celsius — then we can expect an increase in sea level similar to what we see in this video,» says climate modeller Martin Stendel from the Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen.