Sagan clearly felt that he had a duty to set Allègre straight on a matter concerning something Allègre had said
about planetary atmospheres.
So what to conclude
about planetary atmospheres?
Today's authors warn that such a mistake could lead us to false conclusions
about planetary atmospheres, compositions, and habitability.
The effect of stellar contamination is up to 15 times larger than the signal expected from molecules in the atmosphere of a rocky planet (light green band), which means that we can't currently draw any meaningful conclusions
about planetary atmospheres from measurements like this.
It's nigh impossible to measure anything meaningful
about planetary atmospheres when there's such a large confounding influence.
Not exact matches
The decision was
about scientific merit and risk, says Jim Green, NASA's
planetary division director in Washington, D.C. Psyche and Lucy will use tested instruments on asteroids with no
atmospheres to contend with.
The James Webb Space Telescope will look for
planetary transits and measure and record light intensity at various wavelengths, telling us much
about the planet's
atmosphere.
But for
planetary scientists, Jupiter's most distinctive mystery may be what's called the «energy crisis» of its upper
atmosphere: how do temperatures average
about as warm as Earth's even though the enormous planet is more than fives times further away from the sun?
That would have raised lunar air pressure to
about 1 per cent that of modern Earth, or 1.5 times as dense as the
atmosphere on Mars today (Earth and
Planetary Science Letters, doi.org/cdww).
«We can learn a lot
about how
planetary atmospheres like ours form by looking at them.»
These spectra are important because they could provide information
about the chemical make - up of the
planetary atmospheres.
Both Voyager 1 and 2 changed our perspective of our solar system, revealing never - before - seen details in
planetary atmospheres and revealing new discoveries
about interplanetary space.
The authors examine one famous M - dwarf
planetary system, the seven - rocky - planet TRAPPIST - 1, and conclude that the effect of being wrong
about starspots is up to 15 times bigger than the signal of the planets»
atmospheres.
Transiting planets are ideal targets for astronomers wanting to know more
about planetary compositions and
atmospheres.
As mentioned in the introduction, the satellites which measure incoming and outgoing radiation at the top of Earth's
atmosphere (TOA) can not measure the small
planetary energy imbalance brought
about by global warming.
«The kind of ignition you're talking
about is rapid oxidation,» explained Drake Deming, an astronomy professor at the University of Maryland who has studied
planetary atmospheres as a scientist for NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
Learning more
about our own
atmosphere can tell us much
about our
planetary neighbours — we could potentially apply such research to any astrophysical object with both an
atmosphere and a magnetic field.
ABM: The whole point
about the greenhouse gases in a
planetary atmosphere is that they absorb the infrared radiation emitted by the surface, and so Kirchhoff's law does not apply.
To stand the best chance of keeping the
planetary warming below an internationally agreed target of 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit above preindustrial levels and thus avoiding the most dangerous effects of climate change, the panel found, only
about 1 trillion tons of carbon can be burned and the resulting gas spewed into the
atmosphere.
I am pleased that the long established settled science relating to
planetary atmospheres is now coming to the fore once more after
about 20 years during which it was apparently suppressed by ideologues with a non - scientific agenda.
That stubborn error in the satellite data is
about six times larger than what is scientifically possible, and several times larger than the effect scientists are trying to see, namely
planetary warming caused by continued massive emissions of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.
The physics relevant is what astrophysicists use to describe the
atmospheres of stars, to gather information
about Venus, or to explain the evolution of
planetary climate.
The gas giants, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune do NOT have solid surfaces or distinctive solid / liquid / gas interfaces like the inner planets, so here we are talking
about another «species» that operates more consistently fluid dynamically throughout the ENTIRE planet, not just in the
planetary atmosphere.