Not exact matches
Area and individual maternal
characteristics included country
of residence, ward type, socioeconomic status, ethnicity (defined by Office for National Statistics guidelines and classified for this analysis as British / Irish white3 or
of other ethnic origin), maternal age in years at cohort child's birth, level
of education (attainment
of qualification at GCSE grade G or
above), parity (whether cohort child is first live birth), and lone
parent status.
Repeating the analysis
above with these two measures
of parent characteristics added to the baseline control vector gives the following predictive effects for college attendance based on test scores which are somewhat lower than the results
above using the baseline controls.
In all the
above proxies do a strong job
of controlling for unobserved
parent characteristics we want to control for in order to move closer to a valid comparison.
In family systems therapy, the child draws power from the cross-generational coalition with one
parent, and this power acquired from parental support elevates the child in the family hierarchy to a position
above the targeted
parent, leading to a very
characteristic symptom
of a cross-generational coalition called an «inverted family hierarchy.»
In terms
of parent characteristics,
parent age, education, income, and race / ethnicity (to name a few) have all been shown to relate to the three aspects
of parenting discussed
above.
Our primary goal was to better understand how the adolescent's relationship with her mother affects the adolescent's
parenting skills and abilities,
above and beyond the impact
of maternal and child
characteristics.