Economic conditions may independently affect all of the above, making these variables move together even in
the absence of any causal relationship.
Not exact matches
GRAPH III: Various circular social phenomena caused by the
absence of the included third
of special
relationships meaning for the contradiction between the individual level and the general level
of relationship, all deriving from the projection
of the
causal pair
of emotional war and physical war
If teachers tend to rely more on lectures when assigned more capable or attentive students, this would generate a positive
relationship between the amount
of time spent lecturing and student achievement, even in the
absence of a true
causal effect.
Hawkins» research methods and analysis are so problematic that the suggestion
of a
causal relationship between the presence
of cats and the
absence of birds (native or otherwise) is highly inappropriate (indeed, Hawkins scarcely investigates predation at all).
The court also collected many Florida and foreign cases supporting a potentially broader «no accident» rule: The «lack
of other accidents may be admissible to show (1) an
absence of the defect or condition alleged, (2) the lack
of a
causal relationship between the injury and the defect or condition charged, (3) the nonexistence
of an unduly dangerous situation, or (4) want
of knowledge (or
of grounds to realize) the danger.»