Sentences with phrase «absorbed by aerosols»

Satellite retrievals [of SST] in aerosol - contaminated regions are biased low because the infrared radiation from the surface is absorbed by the aerosol and the reemitted at the lower temperature of the aerosol

Not exact matches

This year, Summit's list of long - term visitors includes Brandon Strellis, an environmental engineering graduate student from the Georgia Institute of Technology studying how aerosols influence how much energy is reflected and absorbed by Greenland's ice — and where those particles are coming from.

Scientists can measure how much energy greenhouse gases now add (roughly three watts per square meter), but what eludes precise definition is how much other factors — the response of clouds to warming, the cooling role of aerosols, the heat and gas absorbed by oceans, human transformation of the landscape, even the natural variability of solar strength — diminish or strengthen that effect.

By absorbing heat, aerosols can evaporate nearby cloud droplets — making the cloud less reflective and compounding the heating effect.

Soot particles, also known as black carbon aerosols, affect climate by absorbing sunlight, which warms the surrounding air and limits the amount of solar radiation that reaches the ground.

That's the conclusion of a team of scientists using a new approach to study tiny atmospheric particles called aerosols that can influence climate by absorbing or reflecting sunlight and seeding clouds.

-- As used in this section, the term «black carbon» means primary light absorbing aerosols, as defined by the Administrator, based on the best available science.

Thus by mixing the two aerosol components you end up with an overall more absorbing aerosol (higher positive forcing) than when the two aerosol types are externally mixed in their pure forms.

Why It Matters: Aerosols, tiny airborne particles of dust and pollution suspended in the atmosphere, affect the atmosphere and the surface of Earth by scattering and absorbing light.

These components — specifically aerosols (particulates in the air — dust, soot, sulphates, nitrates, pollen etc.) and atmospheric chemistry (ozone, methane)-- are both affected by climate and affect climate, since aerosols and ozone can interact, absorb, reflect or scatter solar and thermal radiation.

Undersea volcanoes could not produce this effect because the dust and aerosols would be absorbed by the sea before they reached the atmosphere.

Current growth in forcings is dominated by increasing CO2, with potentially a small role for decreases in reflective aerosols (sulphates, particularly in the US and EU) and increases in absorbing aerosols (like soot, particularly from India and China and from biomass burning).

I was thinking instead perhaps more easily controlled polar - orbit satellites might be used, which would rotate with some fixed ratio to their orbital period, casting greater shadows at higher latitudes... or some other arrangment... for a targetted offset polar amplification of AGW especially and in particular perhaps avoiding the reduction in precipitation that can be caused by SW - radiation - based «GE» (although aerosols that actually absorb some SW in the troposphere while shielding the surface would have the worst effect in that way, I'd think)... strategic distribution of solar shading has been suggested with precipitation effects in mind, such as here... sorry, I don't have the link (I'm sure I saved it, just as Steve Fish would suggest — but where?).

This includes the energy trapped by photosynthesis, the majority that is not re-radiated, plus energy that is prevented from re-radiating back by reflecting from cloud cover or aerosols, absorbed by GHGs, and other mechanisms.

Aerosols directly affect the climate by scattering and absorbing radiation, and indirectly affect climate by altering cloud radiative properties, duration and amount.

Meanwhile, other types of aerosols, often produced by burning fossil fuels, can change surface temperatures by either reflecting or absorbing incoming sunlight.

Formation of nitrogen - and sulfur - containing light - absorbing compounds accelerated by evaporation of water from secondary organic aerosols

-- As used in this section, the term «black carbon» means primary light absorbing aerosols, as defined by the Administrator, based on the best available science.

Aerosol particles affect the Earth's radiative balance by directly scattering and absorbing solar radiation and, indirectly, through their activation into cloud droplets.

Over the last century, tiny airborne particles called aerosols, which cool the climate by absorbing and reflecting sunlight, have largely cancelled out the effects of GHG emissions on tropical storm intensity, according to a new scientific review paper published in Science journal.

All absorbed radiation must be returned to space, except for very minor imbalances (e.g., of the order of currently estimated 0.9 W / ^ 2) during forcing by CO2, solar changes, aerosols, or other climate drivers.

Important values related to aerosol are the total Incoming Solar Radiation (insolation)(342 Wm - 2), the 67 Wm - 2 Absorbed by the Atmosphere, and 77 Wm - 2 Reflected by Clouds, Aerosols, and Atmosphere.

Tropospheric aerosols play a crucial role in climate and can cause a climate forcing directly by absorbing and reflecting sunlight, thereby cooling or heating the atmosphere, and indirectly by modifying cloud properties.

Shortwave radiation modulators such as clouds and aerosols (albedo) are the dominant determinants of how much heat is absorbed by the oceans.

Aerosols may influence climate in several ways: directly through scattering and absorbing radiation (see Aerosol — radiation interaction) and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei or ice nuclei, modifying the optical properties and lifetime of clouds (see Aerosol — cloud interaction).

Our climate model, driven mainly by increasing human - made greenhouse gases and aerosols, among other forcings, calculates that Earth is now absorbing 0.85 T 0.15 watts per square meter more energy from the Sun than it is emitting to space.

This has been documented for the northern Indian Ocean by Ramanathan et al. (2001a, b) who estimate a decrease of absorbed surface solar radiation exceeding 10Wm - 2 over much of the Indian Ocean due to the presence of aerosols.

I do need to check whether all of the 78 W / m ^ 2 is said to be absorbed in the absorption wavelengths of GHGs or whether some of this is component is absorbed in the absorption wavelenghts of other gases and / or by atmospheric aerosols.

Aerosols can cool the climate by reflecting solar energy back out to space before it has a chance to be absorbed and re-emitted as infrared radition by the Earth's surface, and also warm the climate by absorbing extra energy in the lower atmosphere (coming mostly from incompletely burnt carbon from coal - fired power stations and dung braziers).

The aerosol plume produced by biomass burning at the end of the dry season contains black carbon that absorbs radiation.

``... Our climate model, driven mainly by increasing human - made greenhouse gases and aerosols, among other forcings, calculates that Earth is now absorbing 0.85 ± 0.15 watts per square meter more energy from the Sun than it is emitting to space....»

«The ozone layer, the water vapor, the clouds, dust and aerosols attenuates it in the following way: 1368 W / m ^ 2 / 1.35 reflected by the atmosphere and Earth's surface = 1013.3 W / m ^ 2 1013.3 W / m ^ 2 / 1.20 absorbed by the atmosphere = 844.4 W / m ^ 2 From this power, the surface only absorbs a power of 692.41 W,»

Theoretically, coatings of essentially non-absorbing components such as organic carbon or sulphate on strongly absorbing core components such as black carbon can increase the absorption of the composite aerosol (e.g., Fuller et al., 1999; Jacobson, 2001a; Stier et al., 2006a), with results backed up by laboratory studies (e.g., Schnaiter et al., 2003).