These groups regularly commit horrific
abuses against the civilian population, including mass murder, rape, torture and forced recruitment.
In the face of non compliance with UNSC Res 1970, several cease - fire declarations by the Gaddafi regime which were not honoured, and a continued threat of force
against civilian populations, on 17 March 2011, a majority of the UNSC (five members abstaining namely Brazil, Germany, India, Russia and China) invoked Chapter VII, re-iterated the references to gross human rights
abuses and adopted the following additional measures: