Behaviors included under an umbrella term of adolescent - to - parent violence also vary, as some researchers include only physically
abusive acts (McCloskey and Lichter 2003; Nock and Kazdin 2002), others consider both physical and psychological aggression (Calvete et al. 2015b), and still others include physical violence,
verbal aggression, and property damage (Margolin and Baucom 2014).