Not exact matches
Take,
for instance, PM2.5 particulates — believed to
account for most of the health burden of
air pollution (see «What's in the
air «-RRB-.
An international team of researchers analyzed economic and environmental data from 2000 to 2009 and found that production of goods
for export in 2006 alone
accounted for between one - fifth and one - third of China's
air pollution, depending on the pollutant.
They said the real strength of the Jacobson study — now in press at the Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres — is that it relies on a new computer model of climate,
air pollution and weather that
accounts for several different ways black carbon influences the environment.
And it's not just confined to China: as the
pollution builds it forms a brown cloud, visible from space, that takes about a week to cross the Pacific to the western U.S., where it
accounts for as much as 15 percent of the
air pollution.
In addition, while it has been suggested that a changing climate can exacerbate the effects of
air pollution and increase death rates, the study shows that this has a minimal effect and only
accounts for a small proportion of current deaths related to
air pollution.
(WHO estimates indoor
air pollution accounts for an additional 3.5 million.)
Traffic fumes cost rich countries $ 0.8 trillion a year In 34 wealthy nations, the smog from roads
accounts for half of the $ 1.7 trillion cost of
air pollution
Air pollution has worsened and today
accounts for 10 percent of all deaths, compared with 2 percent claimed by foul water.
The numbers studied were also relatively small, and it wasn't possible to
account for the potential effects of
air pollution.
The present work will lead to better computer models
for air pollution, which do not currently take into
account the nighttime birth and growth of ultrafine particles.
Emissions from these types of products now
account for a large portion of
air pollution in urban areas, say researchers at the University of Colorado at Boulder — especially during the a.m. rush hour when we're all commuting to work.
The school run is a major source of traffic and
air pollution with school journeys
accounting for half the traffic in London between 8:00 and 9:00 am am during school terms.
Mispricing from a domestic perspective is responsible
for a large majority of the global subsidy: in 2013, local
air pollution totaled 46 % of the subsidy, under - taxation of broader vehicle externalities (e.g., congestion, accidents)
accounted for 13 %, 11 % of the subsidy came from undercharging
for inventory costs, and general consumer taxes amounted to 8 %.
Using carbon dioxide emissions data from 2006 and 1750 -
for an estimate of preindustrial levels - Jacobson found that each extra degree of warming
accounted for roughly 1,000 out of every 50,000 - 100,000
air pollution - related deaths.
«
Air pollution from international shipping
accounts for around 50,000 premature deaths per year in Europe alone, at an annual cost to society of more than $ 58bn [$ 65bn],» says the group on its website.
J&D project that when
accounting for the costs associated with
air pollution and climate change, all the WWS technologies they consider will be cheaper than conventional energy sources (including coal) by 2020 or 2030, and in fact onshore wind is already cheaper.
As
for costs, J&D project that when
accounting for the costs associated with
air pollution and climate change, all the WWS technologies they consider will be cheaper than conventional energy sources (including coal) by 2020 or 2030, and in fact onshore wind is already cheaper.
The coal revival, they say, has alarming implications
for air pollution and Japan's ability to meet its pledges to cut greenhouse gas emissions, which
account for 4 % of the world's total.
While buses themselves could be greener, with cars
accounting for 60 % of domestic transport emissions, shifting more journeys from car to bus would make a bigger impact on greenhouse gas reduction, congestion and local
air pollution.
In the Bay Area, the transportation sector
accounts for more than 50 percent of overall
air pollution.
«Environmental
Accounting for Pollution in the United States Economy» creates a framework
for calculating the
air pollution externalities of industries, called «gross external damages» (GED), and estimates that coal creates roughly $ 53 billion in damages a year - a cost that is over twice as high as the market price of the electricity.
On a global scale, deforestation
accounts for as much as 17 percent of global carbon
pollution — roughly 50 percent more than the entire world's
air, road, rail, and shipping traffic combined.
When you
account for the effects which are not reflected in the market price of fossil fuels, like
air pollution and health impacts, the true cost of coal and other fossil fuels is higher than the cost of most renewable energy technologies.
Approximately 11 % of all deaths due to ischaemic heart disease,
accounting for over a million premature deaths annually, can be attributed to exposure to household
air pollution.