Sentences with phrase «account for uncertainties in»

«The current nominal ranking of 2009, which does not account for uncertainties in the annual averages, places it as the fifth - warmest year,» says a statement from the UN agency.

«The current nominal ranking of 2009, which does not account for uncertainties in the annual averages,... Read more

Beyond that, if you want to look at values from a regression, you have to account for the uncertainties in the regression.

You wrote, «In models, a physics peturbation is the right way to account for uncertainties in the underlying (physical) parameters.

In addition, the authors do not account for uncertainties in the simple model whose sensitivity is fitted.

Only a few estimates account for uncertainty in forcings other than from aerosols (e.g., Gregory et al., 2002a; Knutti et al., 2002, 2003); some other studies perform some sensitivity testing to assess the effect of forcing uncertainty not accounted for, for example, in natural forcing (e.g., Forest et al., 2006; see Table 9.1 for an overview).

These measurements become sparser as we go further back in time, hence trend estimates become more uncertain; of course we fully accounted for this uncertainty in our analysis.

In addition researchers often fail when it comes to account for the uncertainty in the results and conclusions.

Many physical modelers, and especially climate modelers, seems to think that as long as their models are «science - based» then there is no need to account for uncertainty in their outputs, notwithstanding that the model parameters are tuned with data, and that aspects of these models are likely to be ill posed (highly sensitive to small perturbations in the values assigned to parameters).

We account for that uncertainty in the papers, by showing the range of SST series created in this way.

However, the uncertainty in the result does not arise from the deviations from linearity alone - it must also account for uncertainty in the adjustments which have been made.

Using statistical methods, scientists can summarize data, identify patterns, and account for uncertainty in observations.

These estimates for the response of the AMOC to future anthropogenic forcing rely on our «best guess» for many of the complex model details, and do not account for uncertainty in the model input parameters.

However, these estimates for the response of the AMOC to future anthropogenic forcing rely on our «best guess» for many of the complex model details, and do not account for uncertainty in the model input parameters.

Another adjustment is to use Monte Carlo simulation techniques to account for uncertainty in the choice of principal components.

Not exact matches

With its warnings of depleted bank reserves, weak governance, and political uncertainty, the IMF's account reads more like the analysis of a war - ravaged economic basket - case than the prospects for a developed economy in one of the richest economic zones in the world.

These risks and uncertainties include competition and other economic conditions including fragmentation of the media landscape and competition from other media alternatives; changes in advertising demand, circulation levels and audience shares; the Company's ability to develop and grow its online businesses; the Company's reliance on revenue from printing and distributing third - party publications; changes in newsprint prices; macroeconomic trends and conditions; the Company's ability to adapt to technological changes; the Company's ability to realize benefits or synergies from acquisitions or divestitures or to operate its businesses effectively following acquisitions or divestitures; the Company's success in implementing expense mitigation efforts; the Company's reliance on third - party vendors for various services; adverse results from litigation, governmental investigations or tax - related proceedings or audits; the Company's ability to attract and retain employees; the Company's ability to satisfy pension and other postretirement employee benefit obligations; changes in accounting standards; the effect of labor strikes, lockouts and labor negotiations; regulatory and judicial rulings; the Company's indebtedness and ability to comply with debt covenants applicable to its debt facilities; the Company's ability to satisfy future capital and liquidity requirements; the Company's ability to access the credit and capital markets at the times and in the amounts needed and on acceptable terms; and other events beyond the Company's control that may result in unexpected adverse operating results.

In consultation with a divorce financial planner, who can assist you in gaining financial control from possible economic uncertainty, account for budgetary projections and calculate what realistic financial resources you will have to pay for your retiremenIn consultation with a divorce financial planner, who can assist you in gaining financial control from possible economic uncertainty, account for budgetary projections and calculate what realistic financial resources you will have to pay for your retiremenin gaining financial control from possible economic uncertainty, account for budgetary projections and calculate what realistic financial resources you will have to pay for your retirement.

In their February 2017 paper entitled «Bayesian Model Averaging, Ordinary Least Squares and the Price of Gold», Dirk Baur and Brian Lucey analyze a large set of factors that potentially influence the price of gold via two methods: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS, scatter plot) and Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA, accounting for model uncertainty).

In our view, any decision on monetary policy normalization will have to take into account some of what is happening outside of America's borders, including the hazy economic outlook for China, the slowdown in other large emerging markets and the uncertainties that continue to plague the eurozonIn our view, any decision on monetary policy normalization will have to take into account some of what is happening outside of America's borders, including the hazy economic outlook for China, the slowdown in other large emerging markets and the uncertainties that continue to plague the eurozonin other large emerging markets and the uncertainties that continue to plague the eurozone.

«Given the size and scope of the IoT and 5G opportunities, we see IDCC's IoT goal as conservative as the company likely accounts for the uncertainty around monetization strategies and the timing / rate of incremental demand for its IoT related services and products,» analyst Darrin Peller wrote in a note.

Home birth is uncommon in the United Kingdom and uncertainty exists about its safety.1 2 Almost all mortality figures available nationally1 provide merely a single global figure for planned and unplanned home births, though the constituent rates differ greatly.3 The only recent figures for planned home birth in England and Wales relating to 19794 and 19935 provide an inaccurately low estimate of risk because it was not possible to account for those mothers who originally booked to have a home delivery but ended up delivering in hospital.

Because the big bang happened 13.7 billion years ago, and taking various uncertainties in account, this implies that the first stars in the Milky Way formed when the universe was less than 200 million years old, the team says in a paper accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics.

However, because each of these measurements must be calibrated to account for natural variation in the environment over time, individual dates have large amounts of error and uncertainty, making them difficult to aggregate or interpret in groups.

«The trends we have established in this study highlight the need for regulatory bodies to look beyond the existing databases and take into account the uncertainty surrounding our current understanding of wildlife trade in their conservation efforts.

To limit inherent systematic uncertainties, Ghez's group accounted for overlapping light sources when one star passes in front of another or near the black hole itself, where infalling material emits radiation.

The upper 95th percentile is not well constrained, particularly in studies that account conservatively for uncertainty in, for example, 20th - century radiative forcing and ocean heat uptake.

Furthermore, all approaches that use the climate's time evolution attempt to account for uncertainty due to internal climate variability, either by bootstrapping (Andronova and Schlesinger, 2001), by using a noise model in fingerprint studies whose results are used (Frame et al., 2005) or directly (Forest et al., 2002, 2006).

By scaling spatio - temporal patterns of response up or down, this technique takes account of gross model errors in climate sensitivity and net aerosol forcing but does not fully account for modelling uncertainty in the patterns of temperature response to uncertain forcings.

For instance, uncertainty about the 1994 - 1998 Rwandan refugees» future in exile is compounded by the recent resolution of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to launch military attacks on refugees based in the DRC.35 No account has been taken concerning the fact that they are survivors of the 1996 - 2000 massive forced repatriation and that they have been more vulnerable to extremely stressful and traumatic events that took place since the invasion of Rwanda on October 01, 1990.36 Although they are indeed susceptible to posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, high level of fear and anxiety (psychosomatic) and / or malnutrition caused by the persecution and destruction of the war, no one who wants to empathise with them.

[1] To account for uncertainty about life expectancy, we can add a five - year buffer to the average retirement horizon, resulting in a 25 - year expected withdrawal period.

Increased confidence in balanced mutual funds is a sign of investors» need for growth while taking into account the uncertainties of the market, says Kevin Headland, senior investment strategist for Manulife, who has done an annual survey on consumer confidence, using 2001 respondents at least 25 years of age or older.

Secondly, there is how one accounts for the well - known stratospheric influence on the record: S&C use a method that uses different scan angles to create the MSU2LT (or MSUtlt) record — but RSS note that this has even greater uncertainty in the continuity across satellites.

When differences in scaling between previous studies are accounted for, the various current and previous estimates of NH mean surface temperature are largely consistent within uncertainties, despite the differences in methodology and mix of proxy data back to approximately A.D. 1000... Conclusions are less definitive for the SH and globe, which we attribute to larger uncertainties arising from the sparser available proxy data in the SH.

Your reference to the Paleo is understood, however as with models there must be some inherent uncertainty in the different methodologies (particularly the transient constraints as recent data should also be accounted for in them).

«The approaches used in detection and attribution research described above can not fully account for all uncertainties, and thus ultimately expert judgement is required to give a calibrated assessment of whether a specific cause is responsible for a given climate change.

The assessment based on these results typically takes into account the number of studies, the extent to which there is consensus among studies on the significance of detection results, the extent to which there is consensus on the consistency between the observed change and the change expected from forcing, the degree of consistency with other types of evidence, the extent to which known uncertainties are accounted for in and between studies, and whether there might be other physically plausible explanations for the given climate change.

We find that the difference between the heat balance at the top of the atmosphere and upper - ocean heat content change is not statistically significant when accounting for observational uncertainties in ocean measurements3, given transitions in instrumentation and sampling.

* Indeed, possible errors in the amplitudes of the external forcing and a models response are accounted for by scaling the signal patterns to best match observations, and thus the robustness of the IPCC conclusion is not slaved to uncertainties in aerosol forcing or sensitivity being off.

In fact, the nominal statistical significance levels of all statements are quite a bit stronger than we assess them couched in likelihood language, in order to account for remaining uncertaintieIn fact, the nominal statistical significance levels of all statements are quite a bit stronger than we assess them couched in likelihood language, in order to account for remaining uncertaintiein likelihood language, in order to account for remaining uncertaintiein order to account for remaining uncertainties.

But the bias uncertainty is smaller than the errors which are not persistent in time (e.g. due to incomplete spatial coverage), so I don't think accounting for this would make much difference, as Victor suggests.

Finally, not only did K et al not use a reasonable amplification factor for land, but they also did not account for the inherent uncertainty in the estimate of amplification.

Scientists Dr Gerard Roe and Professor Marcia Baker, from the University of Washington in Seattle, have now produced a mathematical equation for climate modellers designed to take uncertainty into account.

If a model - data comparison is done, it has to account for the uncertainty ranges — both in the data (that was Lesson 1 re noisy data) and in the model (that's Lesson 2).

Every specialist in the area will understand this, and every scientist who looks at abstract AND figures will as well (common practice), and the remaining text is very explicit about methods and the accounted for uncertainties.

During recent years (1993 — 2003), for which the observing system is much better, thermal expansion and melting of land ice each account for about half of the observed sea level rise, although there is some uncertainty in the estimates.

In addition to assessing changes in ESL frequencies, the authors also highlighted the importance of the uncertainties inherent to the extreme value analysis, which have often been ignored in impact studies, and demonstrated how they can be accounted for alongside the uncertainties in SLR projectionIn addition to assessing changes in ESL frequencies, the authors also highlighted the importance of the uncertainties inherent to the extreme value analysis, which have often been ignored in impact studies, and demonstrated how they can be accounted for alongside the uncertainties in SLR projectionin ESL frequencies, the authors also highlighted the importance of the uncertainties inherent to the extreme value analysis, which have often been ignored in impact studies, and demonstrated how they can be accounted for alongside the uncertainties in SLR projectionin impact studies, and demonstrated how they can be accounted for alongside the uncertainties in SLR projectionin SLR projections.

Accounting for Both Random Errors and Systematic Errors in Uncertainty Propagation Analysis of Computer Models Involving Experimental Measurements with Monte Carlo Methods.

However, taking account of sampling uncertainty (as most more recent detection and attribution studies do, including those shown in Figure 9.9) makes relatively little difference to estimates of attributable warming rates, particularly those due to greenhouse gases; the largest differences occur in estimates of upper bounds for small signals, such as the response to solar forcing (Allen and Stott, 2003; Stott et al., 2003a).

Although the small number of impact assessments that evaluate stabilisation scenarios do not take full account of uncertainties in projected climate under stabilisation, they nevertheless provide indications of damages avoided and risks reduced for different amounts of emissions reduction.