Sentences with phrase «accounted for this selection bias»

Previous studies of the effect of breastfeeding on morbidity among full - term infants have not always accounted for selection bias that may result if infants who are breastfed are inherently healthier than bottle - fed infants.22 In the current study, the VLBW infants» ability to breastfeed did not reflect better health status as both human milk and infant formula were provided via gavage feeding especially during early enteral feedings.

It seems the original author — someone King describes as highly cited — had mentioned in his methods section that he'd applied two statistical corrections to his data to account for a selection bias.

By comparing the educational outcomes of students who scored just above the admissions threshold (and thus were very likely to attend) and just below the admissions threshold (who mostly did not attend), Dougherty is able to account for the selection bias that has plagued prior CTE research.

This result confirms my hypothesis and corroborates other literature indicating that after accounting for selection bias, on the whole choice schools do not outperform traditional public schools.

I can make an argument, and I hope that I have, that my methodology accounts for selection bias, but we will never know for sure.

Most crucially, and most ludicrously, WILL's study doesn't account for selection bias — differences between students whose parents and guardians decide to enroll them in voucher schools or charter schools and those who do not.

Not exact matches

Other strengths of the underpinning cohort study include high participation by midwifery units and trusts in England; the minimisation of selection bias through achievement of a high response rate and absence of self selection bias because of non-consent; and the ability to compare groups that were similar in terms of identified clinical risk.12 The economic evaluation was conducted according to nationally agreed design and reporting guidelines.15 26 Collection of primary unit cost data was thorough and accounted for regional differences in care patterns.

That liberals are just as guilty of antiscience bias comports more with accounts of humans chomping canines, and yet those on the left are just as skeptical of well - established science when findings clash with their political ideologies, such as with GMOs, nuclear power, genetic engineering and evolutionary psychology — skepticism of the last I call «cognitive creationism» for its endorsement of a blank - slate model of the mind in which natural selection operated on humans only from the neck down.

The authors point out that the literature has a number of methodological limitations, such as measurement and selection bias, and a restricted focus, in which the effects of a limited number of alcohol policies are considered without accounting for other alcohol policies.

The researchers noted possible selection bias, as a number of participants contacted for the study did not complete initial surveys and link Cardiogram accounts.

They explain that the challenges for researchers are that the school effect must be disaggregated from family background, and that their methods must account for «selection bias» — the likelihood that children whose parents choose a charter school are already different from those whose parents do not.

[4] Sometimes called selection bias, the problem is that student needs and parental resources are never directly accounted for in value - added measures, even though they might affect student learning and therefore reduce validity of teacher value - added estimates.

A common criticism of value - added measures is that some teachers are at a disadvantage because they are assigned students who are more difficult to educate, even after the measures account for students» prior test scores; this is what researchers call selection bias.

Selection bias was accounted for as extensively as possible — given the lack of an appropriate instrumental variable — through the inclusion of a number of control variables that are related to parental involvement and student performance.

As discussed above, these variables are used to account for the potential selection bias introduced because of the differences between the populations at choice schools compared to traditional public schools.

One indicator that this study may sufficiently account for both selection and omitted variable bias, is that its results are consistent with randomized studies on schools choice that also find no relationship between choice and student outcomes 7 8 9.

Second, beyond selection bias, we don't know if there are other factors that affect achievement that we are not accounting for that are systematically different between students in choice schools and students in traditional public schools.

To account for the issue of selection bias and the potentially unobserved parent characteristics as the possible reason choice students appear to perform better in my first comparison, I next also accounted for the parent - related variables.

However, not only do these measures not account for the massive selection bias of those that enter no - excuses schools to start and then for those that actually stay, it also assumes testing as an absolute measure of learning and thinking.