«Even
accounting for the uncertainties of the age of CO2, the deep sea warmed substantially before the CO2 began to rise,» Stott says.
«The system's key insight is that it actively models and
accounts for the uncertainty of not being 100 percent confident about where the drone is located in space.
This sounds like a prudent practice to
account for the uncertainty of the future state of the market, however, such an assumption may not reflect the true path of cap rates over the investment holding period.
Typically, when analyzing a property, investors assume an exit capitalization rate that is higher than the entry cap rate by 0.5 - 1 percentage points to
account for the uncertainty of future cash flows expected to be received by the property under consideration over the holding period.
Not exact matches
While the real estate sector
accounts for only a small percentage
of the total number
of listings on TSX and TSXV, it has been particularly active amidst the ongoing
uncertainties of the global economy.
While REITs
account for a small percentage
of listings on the two exchanges, they've been particularly active amidst the
uncertainties of the global economy.
Musk clarified that Tesla, which just reported one
of its best quarters ever, hasn't yet decided whether it should raise capital or not to
account for uncertainty, to «have a larger buffer» and to «de-risk the business.»
With its warnings
of depleted bank reserves, weak governance, and political
uncertainty, the IMF's
account reads more like the analysis
of a war - ravaged economic basket - case than the prospects
for a developed economy in one
of the richest economic zones in the world.
These risks and
uncertainties include competition and other economic conditions including fragmentation
of the media landscape and competition from other media alternatives; changes in advertising demand, circulation levels and audience shares; the Company's ability to develop and grow its online businesses; the Company's reliance on revenue from printing and distributing third - party publications; changes in newsprint prices; macroeconomic trends and conditions; the Company's ability to adapt to technological changes; the Company's ability to realize benefits or synergies from acquisitions or divestitures or to operate its businesses effectively following acquisitions or divestitures; the Company's success in implementing expense mitigation efforts; the Company's reliance on third - party vendors
for various services; adverse results from litigation, governmental investigations or tax - related proceedings or audits; the Company's ability to attract and retain employees; the Company's ability to satisfy pension and other postretirement employee benefit obligations; changes in
accounting standards; the effect
of labor strikes, lockouts and labor negotiations; regulatory and judicial rulings; the Company's indebtedness and ability to comply with debt covenants applicable to its debt facilities; the Company's ability to satisfy future capital and liquidity requirements; the Company's ability to access the credit and capital markets at the times and in the amounts needed and on acceptable terms; and other events beyond the Company's control that may result in unexpected adverse operating results.
Then add something like six months onto that runway
for each one
of those rounds to
account for uncertainties.
In their February 2017 paper entitled «Bayesian Model Averaging, Ordinary Least Squares and the Price
of Gold», Dirk Baur and Brian Lucey analyze a large set
of factors that potentially influence the price
of gold via two methods: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS, scatter plot) and Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA,
accounting for model
uncertainty).
In our view, any decision on monetary policy normalization will have to take into
account some
of what is happening outside
of America's borders, including the hazy economic outlook
for China, the slowdown in other large emerging markets and the
uncertainties that continue to plague the eurozone.
«Given the size and scope
of the IoT and 5G opportunities, we see IDCC's IoT goal as conservative as the company likely
accounts for the
uncertainty around monetization strategies and the timing / rate
of incremental demand
for its IoT related services and products,» analyst Darrin Peller wrote in a note.
The two most immediate effects: First is the hit to sterling, as
uncertainty reduces nonresidents» appetite
for UK assets against the background
of the UK's record current
account deficit; second is the hit to growth, as firms hold back on investment, and households increase precautionary savings.
Home birth is uncommon in the United Kingdom and
uncertainty exists about its safety.1 2 Almost all mortality figures available nationally1 provide merely a single global figure
for planned and unplanned home births, though the constituent rates differ greatly.3 The only recent figures
for planned home birth in England and Wales relating to 19794 and 19935 provide an inaccurately low estimate
of risk because it was not possible to
account for those mothers who originally booked to have a home delivery but ended up delivering in hospital.
The new approach contrasts with previous ways scientists analyzed and came to conclusions about sea level rise because it is «the only proper one that aims to fully
account for uncertainty using statistical methods,» noted Parnell, principal investigator
of the study conducted collaboratively with researchers at Tufts University, Rutgers University and Nanyang Technological University.
It can be difficult to integrate different types
of data with a weighting that properly
accounts for degrees
of uncertainty.
However, because each
of these measurements must be calibrated to
account for natural variation in the environment over time, individual dates have large amounts
of error and
uncertainty, making them difficult to aggregate or interpret in groups.
«The trends we have established in this study highlight the need
for regulatory bodies to look beyond the existing databases and take into
account the
uncertainty surrounding our current understanding
of wildlife trade in their conservation efforts.
A comparison
of natural - gas - burning versus diesel - burning buses gave the emissions edge to diesel, which
accounted for 12 percent fewer emissions, within the range
of uncertainty.
Those data, to be collected this year and next, could improve climate models, which
account poorly
for these atmospheric interactions and contain «horrific»
uncertainties about the levels and behaviour
of water vapour at stratospheric altitudes, Austin says.
ANOTHER VIEW Bruce Dale, a biofuels researcher at MichiganState University, says there is a huge amount
of uncertainty whenbasing predictions on an inherently complex economic model.Additionally, he asserts that the United States should not beresponsible
for «anything but its own environmental profile» and thatto take into
account world land changes is unreasonable.
To limit inherent systematic
uncertainties, Ghez's group
accounted for overlapping light sources when one star passes in front
of another or near the black hole itself, where infalling material emits radiation.
Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw will satisfy both audiences with their broad - brush
account of the physical world that still finds room
for uncertainty, controversy — even a little light maths.
«(A) the technical capacity to monitor, measure, report, and verify forest carbon fluxes
for all significant sources
of greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation with an acceptable level
of uncertainty, as determined taking into
account relevant internationally accepted methodologies, such as those established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;
Click here
for Part II, an
accounting of Exxon's early climate research; Part III, a review
of Exxon's climate modeling efforts; Part IV, a dive into Exxon's Natuna gas field project; Part V, a look at Exxon's push
for synfuels; Part VI, an
accounting of Exxon's emphasis on climate science
uncertainty.
However, the high luminosity
of the primary star, intense Ca II H and K emission (Smith and Dominy, 1979), and radial velocity variations somewhat larger than can be
accounted for by the expected
uncertainties suggested that Delta Eridani might be an RS CVn - type binary and therefore a photometric variable like most members
of that class.
Only a few estimates
account for uncertainty in forcings other than from aerosols (e.g., Gregory et al., 2002a; Knutti et al., 2002, 2003); some other studies perform some sensitivity testing to assess the effect
of forcing
uncertainty not
accounted for,
for example, in natural forcing (e.g., Forest et al., 2006; see Table 9.1
for an overview).
Ideally, one would want to do a study across all these constraints with models that were capable
of running all the important experiments — the LGM, historical period, 1 % increasing CO2 (to get the TCR), and 2xCO2 (
for the model ECS)-- and build a multiply constrained estimate taking into
account internal variability, forcing
uncertainties, and model scope.
By scaling spatio - temporal patterns
of response up or down, this technique takes
account of gross model errors in climate sensitivity and net aerosol forcing but does not fully
account for modelling
uncertainty in the patterns
of temperature response to uncertain forcings.
For instance,
uncertainty about the 1994 - 1998 Rwandan refugees» future in exile is compounded by the recent resolution
of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to launch military attacks on refugees based in the DRC.35 No
account has been taken concerning the fact that they are survivors
of the 1996 - 2000 massive forced repatriation and that they have been more vulnerable to extremely stressful and traumatic events that took place since the invasion
of Rwanda on October 01, 1990.36 Although they are indeed susceptible to posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, high level
of fear and anxiety (psychosomatic) and / or malnutrition caused by the persecution and destruction
of the war, no one who wants to empathise with them.
Any investor who has a need
for a portfolio
of a certain size within ten years or so needs to take the
uncertainty of the return on stocks into
account.
Next, there's the inherent political
uncertainty surrounding defense spending which
accounts for nearly 60 %
of GD's sales.
Increased confidence in balanced mutual funds is a sign
of investors» need
for growth while taking into
account the
uncertainties of the market, says Kevin Headland, senior investment strategist
for Manulife, who has done an annual survey on consumer confidence, using 2001 respondents at least 25 years
of age or older.
Based on the above conclusions, they consider that the future integrity
of the property is highly at risk, taking into
account the possible prospect
of offshore oil exploitation, the
uncertainty about the impact
of invasive species, the already existing threats
for which progress on the corrective measures is unclear and the globally increasing effects
of climate change to coral reef systems, including the Belize Barrier Reef system.
When differences in scaling between previous studies are
accounted for, the various current and previous estimates
of NH mean surface temperature are largely consistent within
uncertainties, despite the differences in methodology and mix
of proxy data back to approximately A.D. 1000... Conclusions are less definitive
for the SH and globe, which we attribute to larger
uncertainties arising from the sparser available proxy data in the SH.
A comprehensive risk assessment would determine flood hazard
for individual structures by modeling watershed and floodplain characteristics at fine spatial scales; it would describe the varying levels
of protection offered by all elements
of a flood protection system and mitigation measures; and it would
account explicitly
for uncertainties, including those related to current and future flood hazard, structure value and vulnerability, and the current and future performance
of flood protection measures.
«The approaches used in detection and attribution research described above can not fully
account for all
uncertainties, and thus ultimately expert judgement is required to give a calibrated assessment
of whether a specific cause is responsible
for a given climate change.
The assessment based on these results typically takes into
account the number
of studies, the extent to which there is consensus among studies on the significance
of detection results, the extent to which there is consensus on the consistency between the observed change and the change expected from forcing, the degree
of consistency with other types
of evidence, the extent to which known
uncertainties are
accounted for in and between studies, and whether there might be other physically plausible explanations
for the given climate change.
We find that the difference between the heat balance at the top
of the atmosphere and upper - ocean heat content change is not statistically significant when
accounting for observational
uncertainties in ocean measurements3, given transitions in instrumentation and sampling.
So, I interpret this as scything that the IPCC's best estimate is that 100 %
of the warming since 1950 is attributable to humans, and they then down weight this to «more than half» to
account for various
uncertainties.
* Indeed, possible errors in the amplitudes
of the external forcing and a models response are
accounted for by scaling the signal patterns to best match observations, and thus the robustness
of the IPCC conclusion is not slaved to
uncertainties in aerosol forcing or sensitivity being off.
These measurements become sparser as we go further back in time, hence trend estimates become more uncertain;
of course we fully
accounted for this
uncertainty in our analysis.
Ideally, one would want to do a study across all these constraints with models that were capable
of running all the important experiments — the LGM, historical period, 1 % increasing CO2 (to get the TCR), and 2xCO2 (
for the model ECS)-- and build a multiply constrained estimate taking into
account internal variability, forcing
uncertainties, and model scope.
In fact, the nominal statistical significance levels
of all statements are quite a bit stronger than we assess them couched in likelihood language, in order to
account for remaining
uncertainties.
Our Monte - Carlo analysis
accounts for these sources
of uncertainty to yield a robust (albeit smoothed) global record.
This helps to
account for uncertainty with respect to initial conditions and determine the robustness
of the results.
Finally, not only did K et al not use a reasonable amplification factor
for land, but they also did not
account for the inherent
uncertainty in the estimate
of amplification.
Scientists Dr Gerard Roe and Professor Marcia Baker, from the University
of Washington in Seattle, have now produced a mathematical equation
for climate modellers designed to take
uncertainty into
account.
Any meaningful validation
of a model with data must
account for this stated
uncertainty.