Sentences with phrase «accumulate mutations as»
Meanwhile, Esvelt and his colleagues are studying the CRISPR gene - drive system in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to learn more about what happens to a population as engineered DNA is passed down through generations, accumulating mutations as it goes.
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Excoffier and his colleagues developed theoretical models predicting that if modern humans migrated as small bands, then the populations that broke off from their original African family should progressively accumulate slightly harmful mutations — a mutation load.
This unexpected result suggests that mutations in NPM1 behave as gatekeepers for this cancer; once a mutation in this gene occurs in a cell with particular previously accumulated pre-leukaemic mutations, the disease progresses rapidly to become leukemia.
«We began with stem cells taken from cord - blood, which have fewer acquired mutations and little, if any, epigenetic memory, which cells accumulate as time goes on,» says Zambidis, associate professor of oncology and pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering and the Kimmel Cancer Center.
For the first time, scientists have confirmed the long - standing hypothesis that as people age, they accumulate gene mutations in their mitochondria — cells» energy source.
Most spontaneous mutations do neither harm nor good but simply accumulate in the genome, one at a time, as they are passed from one generation to the next.
«Since random mutations accumulate over time, males who originate from a common patrilineal ancestor will share a particular collection of Y chromosome mutations,» Wallner explains, forming what's known as a haplogroup.
Domestication thus generally comes at a cost, as deleterious mutations can accumulate in the genome.
These rare VDPVs arise when a virus used in the live vaccine reverts from its weakened form and regains its virulence — a danger when vaccination rates are low, as they are in both places, allowing the vaccine strain to circulate and accumulate genetic mutations.
Aging is a key risk factor for sAML because, over time, hematopoietic stem cells (which give rise to all other blood cell types) accumulate DNA mutations and changes in other molecules that put DNA instructions into action, such as RNA and proteins.
«Both the person as a whole and the tumor itself will have had less time to accumulate mutations, so those that we do find are more likely to be relevant.»
Researchers at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust were able to track key mutations that cancer accumulates as it develops and spreads, without the need for invasive biopsy procedures.
Over the very period that the brain shrank, our DNA accumulated numerous adaptive mutations related to brain development and neurotransmitter systems — an indication that even as the organ got smaller, its inner workings changed.
When coexpressed with a recombinase, these intracellularly expressed ssDNAs target specific genomic DNA addresses, resulting in precise mutations that accumulate in cell populations as a function of the magnitude and duration of the inputs.
The mutations had accumulated over each individual's lifetime as the eyelids were exposed to sunshine.
In humans and chimpanzees, however, the researchers discovered that DNA sequences in regulatory areas have accumulated nearly as many mutations as have sequences evolving at the baseline level.
As infertility - causing mutations generally did not accumulate, fertility and survival remained high into old age (Fig. 2A).
Early in the outbreak, as the virus spread rapidly, it accumulated many mutations, a disproportionate share of which could affect protein function.
The fact that animals can reach centuries lifespans, not develop cancer and most likely accumulate some small nDNA deleterious mutation load over time could mean that nDNA mutation are not as deleterious as say mtDNA deletions mutation.
Moreover, somatic mutation burden increases during a lifetime as a result of accumulating errors occurring either during cell division or because of environment - induced DNA damage.
This correlation could be construed as a reduction of the Hill - Robertson effect between functional genomic elements in areas of low recombination and / or as a depletion of functional genomic elements in regions with a low recombination rate where more slightly deleterious mutations may accumulate [13].