Sentences with phrase «accumulating mutations at»

But the researchers discovered that in the fly, Odysseus has been accumulating mutations at up to 1000 times the normal rate.

Genes known to accumulate mutations at a constant rate, much like a ticking clock, can be used to determine when a species originated.

Not exact matches

She contends that the Y chromosome already starts at a disadvantage: Unlike the X, it has no partner for genetic recombination (the random exchange of segments between chromosome pairs), so it can accumulate harmful mutations, leaving it perennially vulnerable.

«We began with stem cells taken from cord - blood, which have fewer acquired mutations and little, if any, epigenetic memory, which cells accumulate as time goes on,» says Zambidis, associate professor of oncology and pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering and the Kimmel Cancer Center.

But at the time, they thought it might take years to pinpoint the precise position of the gene, sequence it, and understand how it causes mutations to accumulate in tumour cells (This Week, 15 May).

Most spontaneous mutations do neither harm nor good but simply accumulate in the genome, one at a time, as they are passed from one generation to the next.

«It is tempting to think that these mutations accumulate through steady wear and tear, but that doesn't seem to be the case at all.»

In a new study, researchers at Karolinska Institutet have investigated the number of mutations that accumulate in the muscle's stem cells (satellite cells).

We have seen how a healthy 70 - year - old has accumulated more than 1,000 mutations in each stem cell in the muscle, and that these mutations are not random but there are certain regions that are better protected,» explains Maria Eriksson, Professor at the Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Karolinska Institutet.

Domestication thus generally comes at a cost, as deleterious mutations can accumulate in the genome.

It is known that the genes that accumulate the most mutations are linked to the tumor type, and we found this too, however we showed that the mutational spectrum of a tumor is determined by breed type,» says Dr. Ingegerd Elvers, a researcher with Professor Kerstin Lindblad - Toh at both Uppsala University and Broad Institute.

Researchers at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust were able to track key mutations that cancer accumulates as it develops and spreads, without the need for invasive biopsy procedures.

The discovery that mutations accumulate at steady rates over time in the genes of all lineages of plants and animals has led to new insights into evolution at the molecular and the organismal levels

There, with help from Wasser and his colleagues in Seattle, geneticist Al Roca sequenced introns — vestigial sections of DNA from the nucleus that accumulate mutations quickly because they don't code for any physical traits — and confirmed that forest and savanna elephants diverged at least 2.6 million and probably more than 3 million years ago — long enough to render them separate species.

Dan Graur of Tel Aviv University bases his surprising claim on a study of genetic mutations, which produce changes in the amino acid sequence of the protein a gene codes for, and which are assumed to accumulate at a fairly steady rate.

But the virus quickly develops resistance; multiplying at a rate of several generations a day, these tiny pathogens rapidly accumulate genetic mutations.

The girl's lineage had less time to accumulate mutations, and the «missing evolution» suggests she died about 80,000 years ago, although the date is tentative, says co-author David Reich, a population geneticist at Harvard University.

«These kinds of mutations accumulate over time — whenever our skin is exposed to sunlight, we are at risk of adding to them,» explains Dr Phil Jones, a corresponding author from the Sanger Institute and the MRC Cancer Unit at the University of Cambridge.

In humans and chimpanzees, however, the researchers discovered that DNA sequences in regulatory areas have accumulated nearly as many mutations as have sequences evolving at the baseline level.

«We wanted to understand why numerous mutations accumulate in cells with activated oncogenes,» explains Thanos Halazonetis, Professor at the Department of Molecular Biology of the UNIGE Faculty of Science.

Led by Oxford's Prof. Nicholas Harberd, the team looked at 9000 mutations accumulated in five generations of a MMR - deficient strain of the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, and compared them with mutations arising in an MMR - proficient strain.

Fortunately, experiments done by Dr. Jan Vijg at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and others on mutations (changes in base sequence in DNA) and additional studies commissioned by SENS Research Foundation on epimutations (changes in the arrangement of methyl groups) suggest that these latter kinds of alterations - the kind that accumulate in cells without triggering apoptosis or senescence or contributing to cancer - accumulate too slowly to make a difference with the current lifespan.

Functional genomic elements, for example, are expected to be found at higher density in genome regions with a high recombination rate where fewer slightly deleterious mutations accumulate than in areas of low recombination [13].