Since the two groups of students - the lottery's winners and losers - had similar average abilities and family backgrounds, any subsequent
achievement differences observed between them can be attributed to the effects of the vouchers.
Not exact matches
Spiegelberg
observes that one of the essential
differences between Brentano and Husserl is that Husserlian consciousness means a «creative
achievement» and not the object's immanence in a passive Aristotelian subject (PM I 115).
First, it attempts to assess what factors drive the
observed differences in student
achievement, but it does a poor job.
Performance metrics tied directly to student test - score growth are appealing because although schools and teachers differ dramatically in their effects on student
achievement, researchers have had great difficulty linking these performance
differences to characteristics that are easily
observed and measured.
While impressive data sets were assembled on the
achievement levels of thousands of students in public and private schools, statisticians could not be sure whether
observed differences reflected the quality of the schools or the students who self - selected into them.
Shifting poor students to better schools can at best alleviate
observed differences in academic
achievement.
We rely on instrumental variables framework to disentangle the underlying reasons behind this
achievement gap and find that the
observed differences are likely due to the positive effects of alternative public schools.
These small
observed differences in IQ and
achievement have been attributed to nutritional and social determinants of breastfeeding, but none of these studies have partialled out the genetic and socioenvironmental factors related to maternal IQ from the nutritional benefits of breastfeeding.
No notable
differences among groups were
observed for fighting, academic
achievement, perceived school climate, and relationship with classmates.