How much ocean
acidification do you think is safe for the lobster fishery?
Climate change and anthropogenic ocean
acidification do not act independently.
«Warming and ocean acidification don't happen overnight and it may be that some of the ecosystem shifts they facilitate will take years to become visually apparent,» Simon Freeman, a postdoctoral fellow with the American Society of Engineering Education who has also done a series of underwater recordings, said.
He says Dixson's new research is troubling because it shows acidification doesn't just affect smaller fish, such as clown fish.
[29]
Acidification did lead to an abundance of heavily calcified algae [30] and weakly calcified forams.
Ocean
acidification does not affect the physiology of the tropical coralAcropora digitifera during a 5 - week experiment.
Not exact matches
There are clues that these species may fare better than their stony counterparts after a disaster, but more research needs to be
done to understand how storms, warming waters and ocean
acidification can alter the composition of reefs and whether these changes are permanent or short - lived, Lasker says.
«We don't yet know the extent to which ocean
acidification could alter these additional predator - prey interactions, but there is clear potential for broader disruption of links within shoreline food webs.»
The new monitoring techniques can help monitor hot spots such as the Bay of Bengal, the Arctic Ocean and the Caribbean, three places where ocean
acidification could have major economic impacts but where little research has been
done.
Schneider: When you're covering climate change, you don't get somebody from a deep ecology group to tell you we're near the end of the world and then somebody from the Competitive Enterprise Institute who's going to tell you carbon dioxide is a fertilizer while forgetting about ocean
acidification.
Bizarrely, the reef doesn't appear to be suffering from the effects of ocean
acidification just yet.
«This is how we keep track of what we are
doing in our oceans — overfishing, plastic trash,
acidification, climate,» Holdren says.
The purple sea urchin may be able to evolve to cope with ocean
acidification, but that
does not mean other species will be able to mimic the trick
Earth System Threshold Measure Boundary Current Level Preindustrial Climate Change CO2 Concentration 350 ppm 387 ppm 280 ppm Biodiversity Loss Extinction Rate 10 pm > 100 pm * 0.1 - one pm Nitrogen Cycle N2 Tonnage 35 mmt ** 121 mmt 0 Phosphorous Cycle Level in Ocean 11 mmt 8.5 - 9.5 mmt — 1 mmt Ozone Layer O3 Concentration 276
DU # 283
DU 290
DU Ocean
Acidification Aragonite ^ ^ Levels 2.75 2.90 3.44 Freshwater Usage Consumption 4,000 km3 ^ 2,600 km3 415 km3 Land Use Change Cropland Conversion 15 km3 11.7 km3 Low Aerosols Soot Concentration TBD TBD TBD Chemical Pollution TBD TBD TBD TBD * pm = per million ** mmt = millions of metric tons #
DU = dobson unit ^ km3 = cubic kilometers ^ ^ Aragonite is a form of calcium carbonate.
«We can't
do much to quickly reverse the trends of ocean warming or ocean
acidification, which are both real threats that must be addressed.
The process, known as nitrogen deposition, can
do great damage to ecosystems, causing soil
acidification, fertilizing harmful algal blooms and threatening biodiversity, says Zhang.
But, noted Nancy Knowlton of the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., «If we
do want to have reefs around by 2050, we are going to have to
do something about carbon dioxide» to slow global warming and
acidification.
«You don't know where the samples came from,» he says, adding that even soil scientists with little knowledge of China could have predicted
acidification simply by looking at the high amounts of fertilizer applied there.
Working out just how they
do this will be important in understanding the likely impacts of ocean
acidification on coral communities elsewhere, he says.
Geoengineering methods that don't remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere don't undo the other effects of high atmosphere carbon - dioxide concentrations such as ocean
acidification, and our ability to adequately control geoengineering with sunlight - reflecting particles is not certain.
Lord Monckton totally botched his discussion of ocean
acidification, revealing that he doesn't understand ocean circulation, the significance of pH in aqueous systems, and so on.
After all, don't climate change and ocean
acidification sound eerily familiar?
It also would
do nothing to stop one big aspect of climate change: ocean
acidification.
What next steps
do you think a coral reef manager should take after reading this article to address the impacts of ocean
acidification and coral bleaching at their site?
Feely says geoengineering
does not stop the uptake of carbon and
acidification of the seas.
1415 Jennifer Mintz, Education Coordinator, NOAA Ocean
Acidification Program Creating an ocean acidification outreach toolkit: what do scientists, educators and commun
Acidification Program Creating an ocean
acidification outreach toolkit: what do scientists, educators and commun
acidification outreach toolkit: what
do scientists, educators and communicators need?
In some cases, and he mentions seeding the oceans as Russ George and the Haida
did, may even make
acidification worse.
As it
does so, it oxidises to CO2, dissolving in seawater or reaching the atmosphere as CO2 which causes far slower warming, but can nevertheless contribute to ocean
acidification.
«One solution [to ocean
acidification] is to make sure that we
do everything we can to preserve and protect salt marshes, sea grasses and mangroves in particular,» Spalding says, «and be aggressive about restoring those that we've lost to recreate the carbon sink potential of the ocean.»
What's certain is that its contribution to climate change and ocean
acidification will have a devastating outcome if we don't
do something about it.
What tools
do you use to investigate ocean
acidification and its consequences?
We are also involved in the response of mollusks, especially commercial ones, to ocean
acidification, and this will be
done with colleagues from Barcelona's CSIC.
«We don't really give it much thought,» says Peter Neill, «but [ocean
acidification] may be one of the most important aspects of what's going on [with climate change].
But I
did not know (and it is very new science) that
acidification also reduces a form of carbonate necessary for tiny ocean life to capture needed iron.
However, this prognosis
does not take into account the additional risks posed by ocean
acidification.
Members of the OAIE can share resources and engage in online discussions, and, in
doing so, will enhance stakeholder interactions and build well - informed communities working to respond and adapt to ocean
acidification.The OAIE invites anyone working on ocean
acidification to join, including but not limited to government, tribal, and academic research scientists, citizen scientists, experiential and formal educators, NGO employees, marine resources managers, policy makers, concerned citizens, aquaculturists, people in the fishing industry, technology developers, and data managers.
Moreover, we
do cruises and take samples of waters in different locations in order to study the regional distribution of ocean
acidification.
«
Doing that, you see many more communities are vulnerable to ocean
acidification than previously thought.»
His question now is whether and to what extent
do Atlantic and Polar cod compete with each other and to what extent an increasing
acidification of the ocean influences any rivalry.
«The 2 °C target was all about warming and didn't involve consideration of ocean
acidification in any direct way,» said University of Queensland professor Ove Hoegh - Guldberg, one of the lead authors of the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment chapter dealing with ocean impacts.
How
do marine ecosystems respond to ocean
acidification?
Though researchers
do not yet know exactly what caused this ancient
acidification, it was directly related to the cataclysm that wiped out the giant beasts.
«Everyone talks about pH, but it's not usually directly measured — one can
do it very crudely,» said Phil Williamson, who coordinates the U.K.'s
acidification research program and co-chairs the Global Ocean Acidification Obser
acidification research program and co-chairs the Global Ocean
Acidification Obser
Acidification Observing Network.
Acidification has been
done for several years by pet food manufacturers to help control struvite crystal formation in the urine that becomes too alkaline when dogs and cats are fed high cereal diets.
(NOTE: I am not sure that cranberry juice
does not exert its effect via
acidification of the urine... is this a good idea in herbivore?)
: Re sunshades, yes, what LG said at 14, plus, the shades
do nothing to reduce the ocean
acidification... why would we want to expend the energy and resources to treat a symptom of planetary CO2 poisoning and take all the risks that LG describes when it pretty clear that the best approach is a wildly ambitious conversion to very low emission energy / transportation / agriculture systems **** concurrent with, and achieved by the same means, *** a wildly ambitious global program of CO2 sequestration / removal... and... under *** 300 ppm *** in 20 — 100 years, at most?
# 30 mike said: Re sunshades, yes, what LG said at 14, plus, the shades
do nothing to reduce the ocean
acidification... why would we want to expend the energy and resources to treat a symptom of planetary CO2 poisoning and take all the risks that LG describes when it pretty clear that the best approach is a wildly ambitious conversion to very low emission energy / transportation / agriculture systems **** followed by *** a wildly ambitious global program of CO2 sequestration / removal... and... under *** 400 ppm *** in *** a decade or *** two at most?
How
do you predict the economic effects of ocean
acidification?
Temperature and
acidification are increasing and these pressures
do have great inertia, but they are certainly NOT «unstoppable and irreversible».
I think the inflation would be a consequence of that fact that (except for some things), in so far as the efficient market hypothesis applies, we would be operating optimally now except for global warming and ocean
acidification; applying the tax pulls us away from that optimum, the economy will then not be as efficient (ignoring externalities); but we should want to
do this because the economy is now more efficient when including the externalities.