Van Oldenborgh used both modern and early
temperature records,
as well
as sources like tree rings, which can
act as a
proxy for very old
temperatures, to observe Europe's
temperature records back to 1500 and determined that 2014 will almost certainly be the warmest year Europe has experienced during the past 500 years.
As far as this historic period is concerned, the reconstruction of past temperatures based on deep boreholes in deep permafrost is one of the best past temperature proxies we have (for the global regions with permafrost — polar regions and mountainous regions)-- as a signal of average temperatures it's even more accurate than historic direct measurements of the air temperature, since the earth's upper crust acts as a near perfect conservator of past temperatures — given that no water circulation takes place, which is precisely the case in permafrost where by definition the water is froze
As far
as this historic period is concerned, the reconstruction of past temperatures based on deep boreholes in deep permafrost is one of the best past temperature proxies we have (for the global regions with permafrost — polar regions and mountainous regions)-- as a signal of average temperatures it's even more accurate than historic direct measurements of the air temperature, since the earth's upper crust acts as a near perfect conservator of past temperatures — given that no water circulation takes place, which is precisely the case in permafrost where by definition the water is froze
as this historic period is concerned, the reconstruction of past
temperatures based on deep boreholes in deep permafrost is one of the best past
temperature proxies we have (
for the global regions with permafrost — polar regions and mountainous regions)--
as a signal of average temperatures it's even more accurate than historic direct measurements of the air temperature, since the earth's upper crust acts as a near perfect conservator of past temperatures — given that no water circulation takes place, which is precisely the case in permafrost where by definition the water is froze
as a signal of average
temperatures it's even more accurate than historic direct measurements of the air
temperature, since the earth's upper crust
acts as a near perfect conservator of past temperatures — given that no water circulation takes place, which is precisely the case in permafrost where by definition the water is froze
as a near perfect conservator of past
temperatures — given that no water circulation takes place, which is precisely the case in permafrost where by definition the water is frozen.