Sentences with phrase «activate different cells»

Vitamin E and zinc work together to help activate different cells in the immune system, which makes pumpkin beneficial for preventing common illnesses.

Not exact matches

By administering a complementary antibody, they blocked the function of two such immune checkpoints, whereby different types of endogenous T - cells were activated.

The mystery was how different bacteria or viruses release their DNA into the infected cell to activate AIM2.

Without the regulatory influence of PD - 1, the over activated and over stimulated T cells result in disruption of a crucial balance between different T cell types that leads to an overall greatly reduced immune response.

Chinnaiyan and colleagues then conducted studies using cancer cells and found that the different FGFR fusion proteins all seemed to drive cancer cell proliferation by activating FGFR signaling.

By analyzing chemical changes of the IRS - 2 protein in immortalized cultures of human white blood cells, it determined that IRS - 2 appeared in two different forms — «on,» which allows the signal to pass through, and «off,» which stops the signal from activating the cells into M2 macrophages.

And the cells in our body differ from one another — serving as neurons, white blood cells, smell sensors, and so on — largely because they activate different sets of genes and thus produce different mixtures of proteins.

The researchers studied two types of cells called effector T cells, which activate the immune system to defend our body against different pathogens, and regulatory T cells, which help control the immune system and prevent it from attacking healthy parts of its environment.

Excessive or uncontrolled inflammation can actually make injuries worse and contribute to disease in a couple of different ways — by activating cell death processes, clogging and rupturing blood vessels and producing toxic molecules like free radicals.

Next, they used a technique called fluorescence - activated cell sorting to separate out the newly differentiated retinal ganglion cells from a mixture of different cells into a highly purified cell population for study.

But, much remains to be learned about how these different cells recognize and translate information from a given taste molecule and then activate a nerve to carry this information to the brain.

When Kaufman, Zon and colleagues looked to see what was different about these early cancer cells, they found that crestin and the other activated genes are the same ones turned on during zebrafish embryonic development — specifically, in the stem cells that give rise to the pigment cells known as melanocytes, within a structure called the neural crest.

Microglia are present throughout the brain and spinal cord, are constantly monitoring their environment, and can be switched on or activated to perform different functions such as control inflammation, destroy pathogens, clean up the debris from dead or damaged cells, and seal off the site of an injury.

By functionally linking the signal transduction of melanopsin to the control circuit of the nuclear factor of activated T cells, we have designed a synthetic signaling cascade enabling light - inducible transgene expression in different cell lines grown in culture or bioreactors or implanted into mice.

To do this, they incorporated the gene sequence of each receptor into cultured cells and then probed the cells to determine if they were activated by one or more of 25 different bitter - tasting chemicals.

The researchers then tested whether artificially activating cells at different points along the ring, essentially moving the compass needle, would disrupt the flies» sense of direction.

It has billions of parts, many used to activate and silence genes — an arrangement that allows individual cells to specialize as brain cells, heart cells and some 200 other different cell types.

Reh said his team hopes to find out if there are other factors that can be activated to allow the Müller glia to regenerate into all the different cell types of the retina.

They found that silencing the TOR signalling pathway — activated in many different types of cancer — increased ER stress in the cells.

The team discovered that the TCL1 protein played a key role in increasing glycolysis by activating a different metabolic pathway that is important for the self - renewal of stem cells.

Most of these approaches define a conscious brain as an integrated brain, where groups of cells in many different regions activate to form a cohesive pattern, explains Marcello Massimini, a neurophysiologist at the University of Milan in Italy.

Genetic analysis of the activated cells in the two groups of mice showed that the neurons triggered by a full belly released glutamate, a chemical that nerve cells use to signal one another, while the neurons triggered by hunger released a different neurotransmitter, known as GABA.

Once the intruder has been bound by the BCR, the B cell is activated and, together with other immune cells, can fight off a range of different types of pathogens.

Current vaccines activate T cells and thus the CD40 receptor by using purified bacterial proteins attached to a number of different polysaccharides.

Discovering that she could use a fluorescence - activated cell sorting machine to distinguish non-neuronal cells from neurons by making them glow in different colors was «a high point,» she says.

Until now, however, achieving a similar feat in human cells has eluded scientists — partly because activating iNKT cells released different types of cytokines: some stimulated an immune response, while others inhibited it.

Unfortunately, you and I were not born with a «suicide gene» built into our cells that we can activate with a trigger drug, so we need a different solution to eliminate senescent cells.

Ionizing radiation has been shown to activate these signaling pathways in different intensities and in a cell type - dependent manner [6].

The Dotiwala laboratory uses cellular, molecular, biochemical and omics approaches, as well as sophisticated in vivo imaging, to dissect the mechanism by which cell - based immunity (neutrophils, macrophages and killer lymphocytes) is activated in the presence of different pathogenic bacteria, such as intra - and extracellular bacteria, fungi and protozoa.

Giulia Pontarollo and colleagues at the University of Padua provide new support for this hypothesis in their report in the Journal of Biological Chemistry that subtilisin, a serine protease secreted by Bacillus subtilis, is able to activate the human coagulation - promoting enzyme thrombin through a different mechanism than that used by human cells to activate it.

We use this in vitro model of spontaneous tumorigenesis to generate a library of cell lines with 25 different de novo JAK1 - activating mutations, 6 of which are targeting two residues, Phe958 and Pro960, located in the hinge region at the periphery of the ATP - binding pocket.

Using different mouse models of cancer, a therapy consisting of antibodies which block the PD - 1 / PD - L1 checkpoint to boost the ability of T cells to fight cancer cells was used in combination with anti-CD27 antibodies, which activate T cells via the receptor CD27.

It has been shown that the MAP kinases including JNKs, ERKs, and p38 phosphorylate p53 in response to different stressful stimuli, and in turn, activate a p53 response leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [24].

Our studies reveal the existence of two segregated excitatory synaptic microcircuits that propagate homeostatic sleep information from different populations of intrinsic MB «Kenyon cells» (KCs) to specific sleep - regulating MBONs: sleep - promoting KCs increase sleep by preferentially activating the cholinergic MBONs, while wake - promoting KCs decrease sleep by preferentially activating the glutamatergic MBONs.

For decades, scientists have been seeking a new type of vaccine that activates another player in the immune system called a T cell to fight off infections within different organs.

March 13, 2017 Parallel cellular pathways activate the process that controls organ growth A new study from the University of Chicago suggests that while proteins that control organ growth accumulate around the edges of cells, they actually function at a different cellular site.

In the experiments described in the paper, the MGH team confirmed that their mesothelin - targeting fusion protein binds to mesothelin on either ovarian cancer or mesothelioma cells, activates dendritic cells, and enhances the cells» processing and presentation of several different tumor antigens, inducing a number of T - cell - based immune responses.

The investigators, then, had to incubate the naive cells not only with egg white protein and different amounts and combinations of activated vitamins, but also with a biochemical cocktail to mimic the environment that would occur within the body during a time of distress and that would convince these cells to commit to enlisting in the Th17 brigade.

When dietary PUFA are not available, the body produces a small amount of unsaturated fatty acid (Mead acids), but these do not activate cell systems in the same way that plant - derived PUFAs do, and they are the precursors for an entirely different group of prostaglandins.»

Western blot analysis of of extracts from cells expressing different activated tyrosine kinase proteins, using Phospho - PDGF Receptor (Tyr754)(23B2) Rabbit.

But dogs (and cats) are different, the majority of their histamine releasing cells are in their skin and the histamine is activated by skin absorption, the pollens stick to their skin and coat and activate the itch response.

The IgE activates mast cells that release several different substances including histamine, a chemical that causes itching, inflammation and swelling.

The cheats themselves are divided into four different categories (player effects, items cheats, world effects and vehicle spawns) and can be activated using either the traditional controller button combination method (all console versions), by entering a specific code using your keyboard (on PC) or by dialling certain numbers using the in - game cell phone (PC, PS4 and Xbox One only).