Sentences with phrase «activate gene transcription»

Not exact matches

Project members also catalogued sequences that mark areas where DNA unwinds from the round histone proteins that maintain the shape of chromosomes, allowing the cell's transcription machinery to activate genes in those areas.

In this way the binding of the DNA to the corresponding nucleosome is changed so that the DNA for example becomes accessible for transcription enzymes and activates a particular gene.

The guilty protein is beta - catenin, a transcription factor which activates other genes.

In the paper, the researchers illustrate how it could influence proteins that activate the transcription factors that transcribe major bone - related genes to drive bone formation — showing a link between metabolite usage and activation of transcription factors.

In Class II engagement, it binds directly to the DNA in multiple locations and activates transcription of cartilage - related genes.

If an engineered organism mates with a wild counterpart, the transcription factors render the offspring unable to survive by activating genes that cause their cells to die.

This will enable an array of factors to position themselves on the activated gene and to initiate its transcription,» says the PhD student.

The genes — Oct 3/4, Sox2, c - Myc and Klf4 — are molecular switches called transcription factors, which activate other genes in series like a power strip.

Glk1 is a transcription factor, meaning it binds to specific regions of DNA and activates genes involved in cell death and other plant immune responses.

Rutgers University scientists have discovered the three - dimensional structure of a gene - specific transcription activation complex, providing the first structural and mechanistic description of the process cells use to turn on, or activate, specific genes in response to changes in cell type, developmental state and environment.

These include proteins which control important processes in the cells, for example the transcription factors which activate genes for the production of new proteins.

FosB is a transcription factor in the brain which, together with other molecules, is involved in so - called signal transduction (transmission of stimuli to the cells), that is to say conveys genetic information between the cells and also determines whether certain genes are activated or not.

Previous research found that Short - root activates other transcription factors as well, creating a cascade in which each gene - regulating protein controls the next in the root development pathway.

The switch, in turn, is flicked on by proteins called transcription factors, which activate certain genes in response to certain stimuli.

Imagine the consequences if some of those piddly nucleotide changes arose in a protein that happened to be a transcription factor: Suddenly, instead of activating 23 different genes, the protein might charge up 21 or 25 of them — or it might turn on the usual 23 but in different ratios than normal.

STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) is a protein that activates the transcription of genes in response to IL - 6, a signaling protein released by cells in response to injury and inflammation.

It does so by activating the transcription factor STAT3, which in turn inhibits expression of the miR - 34a gene by directly binding to it.»

Two enzymes in the neurons activate proteins called transcription factors that turn on genes.

It should be noted that KLF4 is a transcription factor that can both activate and suppress genes that are related to the proliferation and differentiation.

These data indicate that although the ACVR1 R206H mutant remains responsive to BMP ligand, this mutation does not require BMP ligand in order to activate BMP pathway signaling and ID1 gene transcription.

Ellen V. Rothenberg and Susan B. Ward report that the interleukin - 2 (IL - 2) transcriptional apparatus integrates multiple types of biochemical information in determining whether or not the gene will be expressed, using multiple diverse transcription factors that are each optimally activated or inhibited by different signaling pathways.

NF - κB is transcription factor that, among other functions, turns on genes involved in inflammation and immune response, and can be activated in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

In response to signals from inside and outside cells, transcription factors attach to the DNA and cause specific genes to be more or less activated, producing more or less of the corresponding protein.

A novel disrupter of telomere silencing 1 - like (DOT1L) interaction is required for signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)- activated gene expression.

The complex then migrates into the cell nucleus, and activates the transcription of specific target genes which are involved in physiological and pathological bone formation (Chen, Deng & Li, 2012; Katagiri & Tsukamoto, 2013; Miyazawa et al., 2002).

Since all four of the genes could be regulated by a common transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator - activated receptors, it was supposed that the transcription factor might play an important role in carotenoid accumulation [33].

Activation of the UPR induces the production of a family of basic leucine zipper - containing transcription factors that activate transcription of genes encoding functions to reduce the protein - folding load and increase the protein folding capacity of the ER.

La Jolla, CA — BRCA - 2, a gene linked with breast and ovarian cancer, cooperates with male sex hormones to enhance its ability to activate transcription of genes, which may suppress...

Activated E2F leading to transcription of several target genes including cyclin E in late G1 phase which form active complex with CDK2 drives progression from G1 to S phase [7].

In the current study, the researchers found that EBNA2 and its related transcription factors activate some of the human genes associated with the risk for lupus and several other autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and celiac disease.

The group of promoters, whose H3K4me3 levels were affected by combined chidamide and decitabine treatment, but not by either chidamide or decitabine treatment alone, was enriched with binding site motifs for PU.1, a transcription factor that activates gene expression during myeloid and B - cell lymphoid cell development15, 16 (Figure 5C).

This is in accordance with previous reports that decitabine and 5 - azacytidine produce a marked synergistic effect in combination with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and romidepsin in T - lymphoma cell lines by modulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.26, 27 As a mechanism of action, KMT2D mutations of B - lymphoma cells promote malignant outgrowth by perturbing methylation of H3K4 that affect the JAK - STAT, Toll - like receptor, or B - cell receptor pathway.28, 29 Here our study indicated that dual treatment with chidamide and decitabine enhanced the interaction of KMT2D with the transcription factor PU.1, thereby inactivating the H3K4me - associated signaling pathway MAPK, which is constitutively activated in T - cell lymphoma.13, 30,31 The transcription factor PU.1 is involved in the development of all hematopoietic lineages32 and regulates lymphoid cell growth and transformation.33 Aberrant PU.1 expression promotes acute myeloid leukemia and is related to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma via the MAPK pathway.34, 35 On the other hand, PU.1 is also shown to interact with chromatin remodeler and DNA methyltransferease to control hematopoiesis and suppress leukemia.36 Our data thus suggested that the combined action of chidamide and decitabine may interfere with the differentiation and / or viability of PTCL - NOS through a PU.1 - dependent gene expression program.

It's actually a very important transcription factor that's regulated by insulin, and this is involved in activating genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and so - called lipogenesis, which is synthesizing new lipids and this is, therefore, important in lipid metabolism.

As shown in Fig. 6, the binding of IFNα to its cognate receptors activates the classic JAK - STAT pathway, which is required to initiate the transcription of a set of primary target genes, such as IRF - 1.

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating molecule in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B - cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting

In addition to its structural role in epithelial junctions, beta - catenin activates TCF -4-mediated transcription of genes required for cell proliferation.

Interestingly, they will also use genome - wide profiling of the cells» transcription profile — the genes that have been transcribed to messenger RNA — to see what pathways are activated in the cells after EDN insult.

In response to cellular stress such as DNA damage, oncogene activation, transcriptional inhibition, and hypoxia, tumor suppressor p53 is activated and expressed, and acts as a transcription factor to induce its target genes [1], thereby playing a central role in the regulation of DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence, and angiogenesis [2 - 4].

Under hypoxic conditions activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including, erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia.

Interferon --LCB- gamma -RCB-- activated STAT - 1 -LCB- alpha -RCB- suppresses MMP - 9 gene transcription by sequestration of the coactivators CBP / p300

In breast cancer cells, the ABL kinases activated the transcriptional coactivator TAZ and the transcription factor STAT5, which triggered the transcription of genes encoding factors that activate osteoclasts (cells that break down bone) and those that enhance the survival of breast cancer cells in the bone microenvironment.

STAT6 is part of the STAT family of transcription factors, its phosphorylation in response to cytokines and growth factors activates the transcription of many genes involved in the immune system such as interleukin 4 (IL - 4).