Sentences with phrase «activated cell surface»

Endocytosis has traditionally been viewed as a mechanism for achieving signal attenuation: activated cell surface receptors are internalised and trafficked through endocytic vesicles to lysosomes, where they are degraded.

The expression of the proprotein convertase furin is strongly associated with increased metastasis (migration) of cancer cells; this is thought to be due to its ability to activate the cell surface enzymes responsible for extracellular matrix breakdown.

Not exact matches

Previous studies have found that brown fat can be coaxed into action by activating the β3 - adrenergic receptor, which is expressed on the surfaces of brown and white fat cells, as well as on cells of the urinary bladder and other tissues.

Studies in mice indicated that drugs that activate the surface protein TRPA1 on pain - sensing nerve cells intensify postoperative pain.

Various receptors which can either activate or inhibit the cell have been identified on cell surface.

Some of the animals received normal T cells back, and others got cells deficient in a surface molecule that activates regulatory T cells.

Scientists also create compounds called «potentiators» to activate the CFTR channels at the cell surface to maintain the proper balance of electrolytes in fluids, including those found inside lungs.

DCs are specialized immune cells that can ingest foreign antigens, degrade them and present the fragments on their surface to activate T cell - mediated immunity.

2) Protein binds to CD3 receptor on helper T cell, activating it so the helper T cell starts making HIV and displaying pieces of virus (red) on its surface.

The engineered protein has two ends: one activates T cells by binding to a surface molecule called the CD3 receptor, and the other — based on an antibody called VRC07 — powerfully binds to more than 90 percent of HIV strains.

The key discovery made by the CSHL team is that FER is able to activate a receptor on the surface of ovarian cells «from below,» as it were — by interacting with a portion of the receptor that penetrates the cell membrane and plunges into the cytoplasm.

Based on this technological advance, we are able to implement the principle of surface free energy - activated cell sorting.»

Antigen - presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and macrophages, activate T cells by engaging protein receptors on the T cell surface.

Once they found the match, the researchers had the D - peptides synthesized and tested for their ability to activate their receptors on the cell's surface.

Without it, NFAT initiates a negative regulatory program that activates genes encoding inhibitory cell surfaces markers and blunts signals received by the T cell receptor.

They found that the mutated G1 and G2 variant did so particularly well on what's known as a receptor on the surface of kidney cells, in this case the suPAR activated receptor alphavbeta3 integrin.

Gradual increase of p53 levels activates apoptosis promoting protein Bak on the surface of the mitochondria making these cells vulnerable to death.

Now a team of researchers led by Philip Kim, a professor of computer science and molecular genetics in the University of Toronto's Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, has developed a new technology for making mirror - image peptides, which bind and activate receptors on the surface of cells.

When the mucosal surfaces in the lungs of healthy people come into contact with allergenic substances, so - called regulatory T cells also known as Treg cells, are activated.

The impulses cause glutamate (one of the brain's main neurotransmitters) to pop out of one nerve cell and travel across the synapse to activate the next by binding to its receptors, chemically active signaling stations on the cell surface.

The KRAS oncogene activates the PI3K enzyme pathway (involved in cell growth, proliferation and survival) and the MEK / MAPK pathway (a process that governs the way growth factors bind to the cell surface).

Now, the bispecific antibody grabs a killer T cell that has a CD3 receptor and, with its second arm, finds a recently activated cell that has HIV proteins on its surface.

«When a cancer cell comes into contact with it, a protein on the cell's surface, known as APP, activates DR6.

This antibody activates an integrin on the cell surface of basal progenitors and thus stimulates their proliferation,» explains Denise Stenzel, who headed the experiments.

CD74 is broken into products that fit into the groove of cell surface immune response proteins as part of the chain of events that activates T cells — immune cells that normally attack infected (or damaged) cells in the body.

«Activating cell - surface receptors: It takes a dimer to bind.»

Working in mouse models of breast cancer and breast tumor samples from patients, Longmore and his colleagues showed that a protein that sits on the surface of tumor cells, called DDR2, binds to collagen and activates a multistep pathway that encourages tumor cells to spread.

The integrin - ligand bond activates cells» adhesion to a surface only when the DNA tether does not rupture, enabling a measurement to be taken of the molecular force.

STAR2 works by specifically binding to a cell surface protein called TNFR2, activating a signaling pathway that increases the number of T reg cells.

The tongues of most mammals hold taste receptors — proteins on the cellular surface that bind to an incoming substance, activating the cell's internal workings that lead to a signal being sent to the brain.

Once activated, the circuit expresses proteins designed to direct the immune system to target the tumor cells, including surface T cell engagers, which direct T cells to kill the cells.

Microbes that cause diseases like HIV, malaria, and hepatitis C exploit and often activate the same checkpoint pathways — cell surface receptors such as CTLA4 and PD - 1 — to slow immune cells and prevent their elimination by the host.

Both genes code for proteins that function as growth factor receptors, meaning they sit on the surface of cells and, when activated, can spur the rapid cell growth that is a hallmark of cancer.

Left: mast cells are activated by allergens reacting with IgE bound to IgE receptors on the mast cell surface to trigger the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators that orchestrate an allergic response including recruitment of inflammatory cells.

To devise a potential new therapy, the investigators engineered a population of neural stem cells to express a potent version of a gene called TRAIL, which codes for a molecule that activates cell - death - inducing receptors found only on the surface of cancer cells.

Hu14.18 K332A is a laboratory - produced antibody designed to activate the immune response against tumor cells by recognizing and binding to an antigen found on the surface of most neuroblastoma tumor cells.

In a major innovation reported last year, Lerner, Zhang and their colleagues developed a basic method for selecting antibodies that not only bind to a given target, such as a cell - surface receptor, but also have a desired biological function — such as activating the receptor on mammalian cells.

About 30 percent of medications on the market activate G - protein coupled receptors on cell surfaces and trigger chemical signals inside cells to yield their therapeutic effects.

This activates MuSK, an enzyme that supports the clustering of receptors on the muscle cell surface that will enable communication.

The most potent of these, known as effector memory T cells, are activated by a group of proteins known as human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) on the surface of endothelial cells lining the donated organ's blood vessels.

Activated, HIV - infected cells have altered cell - surface glycosylation patterns with respect to resting, uninfected cells.

In summary, insulin, a true AS160 can allow GLUT4 transporters to be activated, brought to the cell surface so that glucose uptake can be activated and increase so that glucose can enter the cell.

Based on cell surface markers known as CD4 and CD8, T cells generally fall into two broad categories: CD4 — positive helper T cells, which ¬ help activate other immune cells and CD8 - positive cytotoxic T cells, which kill cells that are cancerous or infected with viruses.

Recognition of IL - 23 by its cell surface receptor on cells primarily activates JAK2 and the downstream transcription factor STAT3 [44].

But, normally, it's actually present in the trans - Golgi network, but it requires insulin activation of Akt which then, in turn, helps activate the transport of GLUT4 from the cell, inside the cell, to the cell surface.

The researchers found that when they dosed cells that expressed a2C - AR with chemicals that activate Rap1A, either directly or through means that involve another protein called Epac, the cells drew from pools of a2C - AR near the cell's nucleus and moved these receptors to the cell surface.

The article, entitled «Cyclic AMP - Rap1A Signaling Activates RhoA to Induce a2C - Adrenoceptor Translocation to the Cell Surface of Microvascular Smooth Muscle Cells» (http://bit.ly/N8ZzKh), appears in the Articles in PresS section of the American Journal of Physiology — Cell Physiology (http://ajpcell.physiology.org/) published by the American Physiological Society.

Focus on «Cyclic AMP - Rap1A Signaling Activates RhoA to Induce α2C - adrenoceptor Translocation to the Cell Surface of Microvascular Smooth Muscle Cells,» is also online (http://bit.ly/LYDXFd).

In the new field of immunotherapy, for example, we want to use molecules to bind to the surface of an immune cell and activate that cell so it attacks cancer.

The process of dry skin brushing will clear away the dead cells clogging pores, activate nerves beneath the skin's surface and stimulate blood vessels that transport nutrients to the skin.