Sentences with phrase «activated cell surface receptors»

Endocytosis has traditionally been viewed as a mechanism for achieving signal attenuation: activated cell surface receptors are internalised and trafficked through endocytic vesicles to lysosomes, where they are degraded.

Not exact matches

Previous studies have found that brown fat can be coaxed into action by activating the β3 - adrenergic receptor, which is expressed on the surfaces of brown and white fat cells, as well as on cells of the urinary bladder and other tissues.

Various receptors which can either activate or inhibit the cell have been identified on cell surface.

2) Protein binds to CD3 receptor on helper T cell, activating it so the helper T cell starts making HIV and displaying pieces of virus (red) on its surface.

The engineered protein has two ends: one activates T cells by binding to a surface molecule called the CD3 receptor, and the other — based on an antibody called VRC07 — powerfully binds to more than 90 percent of HIV strains.

The key discovery made by the CSHL team is that FER is able to activate a receptor on the surface of ovarian cells «from below,» as it were — by interacting with a portion of the receptor that penetrates the cell membrane and plunges into the cytoplasm.

Antigen - presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and macrophages, activate T cells by engaging protein receptors on the T cell surface.

Once they found the match, the researchers had the D - peptides synthesized and tested for their ability to activate their receptors on the cell's surface.

Without it, NFAT initiates a negative regulatory program that activates genes encoding inhibitory cell surfaces markers and blunts signals received by the T cell receptor.

They found that the mutated G1 and G2 variant did so particularly well on what's known as a receptor on the surface of kidney cells, in this case the suPAR activated receptor alphavbeta3 integrin.

Now a team of researchers led by Philip Kim, a professor of computer science and molecular genetics in the University of Toronto's Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, has developed a new technology for making mirror - image peptides, which bind and activate receptors on the surface of cells.

The impulses cause glutamate (one of the brain's main neurotransmitters) to pop out of one nerve cell and travel across the synapse to activate the next by binding to its receptors, chemically active signaling stations on the cell surface.

Now, the bispecific antibody grabs a killer T cell that has a CD3 receptor and, with its second arm, finds a recently activated cell that has HIV proteins on its surface.

«Activating cell - surface receptors: It takes a dimer to bind.»

The tongues of most mammals hold taste receptors — proteins on the cellular surface that bind to an incoming substance, activating the cell's internal workings that lead to a signal being sent to the brain.

Microbes that cause diseases like HIV, malaria, and hepatitis C exploit and often activate the same checkpoint pathways — cell surface receptors such as CTLA4 and PD - 1 — to slow immune cells and prevent their elimination by the host.

Both genes code for proteins that function as growth factor receptors, meaning they sit on the surface of cells and, when activated, can spur the rapid cell growth that is a hallmark of cancer.

Left: mast cells are activated by allergens reacting with IgE bound to IgE receptors on the mast cell surface to trigger the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators that orchestrate an allergic response including recruitment of inflammatory cells.

To devise a potential new therapy, the investigators engineered a population of neural stem cells to express a potent version of a gene called TRAIL, which codes for a molecule that activates cell - death - inducing receptors found only on the surface of cancer cells.

In a major innovation reported last year, Lerner, Zhang and their colleagues developed a basic method for selecting antibodies that not only bind to a given target, such as a cell - surface receptor, but also have a desired biological function — such as activating the receptor on mammalian cells.

About 30 percent of medications on the market activate G - protein coupled receptors on cell surfaces and trigger chemical signals inside cells to yield their therapeutic effects.

This activates MuSK, an enzyme that supports the clustering of receptors on the muscle cell surface that will enable communication.

Recognition of IL - 23 by its cell surface receptor on cells primarily activates JAK2 and the downstream transcription factor STAT3 [44].

The researchers found that when they dosed cells that expressed a2C - AR with chemicals that activate Rap1A, either directly or through means that involve another protein called Epac, the cells drew from pools of a2C - AR near the cell's nucleus and moved these receptors to the cell surface.

For example, fiber is metabolized by our gut flora into short - chain fatty acids, which bind to and activate receptors on the surface of our cells that alter our metabolism, for example, activating receptors on fat cells to increase the expression of the weight - reducing hormone, leptin.

Since until recently, food meant fiber, an increase in food intake meant an increase in fiber intake, which made our gut bacteria so happy they made lots of short chain fatty acids, which activated the cell - surface receptors that released a bunch of hormones that made us lose our appetite and down regulated hunger.