Importantly it is also one of the most frequently
activated genes in human cancer.
Not exact matches
Thanks to this transmission route,
human and animal cells respond to external signals and specifically
activate selected
genes in the cell nucleus.
They found that
genes activated in the mouse model closely mirrored
genes known to be
activated in infected
humans, providing a level of validation of the model.
The light -
activated genetic switch could be used to turn
genes on and off
in gene therapies; to turn off
gene expression
in future cancer therapies; and to help track and understand
gene function
in specific locations
in the
human body.
By
activating the Ret receptor, the scientists were able to prevent
in flies and
human cell cultures the degeneration of mitochondria, which is caused by a
gene defect related to Parkinson's disease.
After exploiting a technology that allowed them to
activate each of nearly 16,000
genes individually
in human melanoma cell lines containing mutant BRAF, the authors then treated the panel of cells with the drugs and monitored which cells showed altered drug sensitivity.
The
gene plays a key role
in cellular proliferation and is
activated in 90 % of all
human pancreatic tumors.
Using
human T cells
in culture as well as mice lacking one of these
genes, YY1, they found that, indeed, the two proteins did help move Xist back to the inactive X chromosome
in activated lymphocytes.
The 1918 virus (r1918)
activated many more mouse
genes involved
in the immune system than a modern
human flu virus (Tx91) and two hybrids between a modern virus and the 1918 strain.
Whereas
in the nematode experiment the researchers targeted nanoparticles to temperature - sensitive ion channels that naturally exist
in the membranes of the worms» nerve cells, the scientists inserted the
gene for a heat -
activated ion channel called TRPV1 into the
human and rat cells.
Previous evidence for a breast cancer link has been mixed — one study found increased risk
in women exposed before age 14, whereas others found no association — but
in a lab dish, DDT has been shown to
activate the HER2
gene in human breast cells, which is expressed
in some breast cancers.
In humans, cancer develops when
genes that suppress cancer, known as tumor suppressors, are lost and when mutations or
genes that promote cancer, known as oncogenes, are gained or
activated.
When exposed to estrogen, an area
in the brain's memory hub that is typically suppressed during such tasks instead
activated in those with the uniquely
human gene variant.
Scientists at the MDI Biological Laboratory
in Bar Harbor, Maine, are digging into the
genes of these enviable organisms to learn how to
activate such regenerative mechanisms
in humans.
Light -
activated genes, now illuminating brain circuitry
in rodents and monkeys, may help solve mysteries of
human disease.
The chromosome 7 - linked form of congenital long QT syndrome (LQT2) is caused by mutations
in the
human ether - a-go-go-related
gene (HERG) that encodes the rapidly
activating delayed rectifier
He teamed with Dr. Janeway
in the search for the
gene in the innate immune system that
activates the adaptive system — to address the questions, how does the
human body know when it has an infection, and how does a microbial infection trigger an immune response?
In the current study, the researchers found that EBNA2 and its related transcription factors
activate some of the
human genes associated with the risk for lupus and several other autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and celiac disease.
An international team of scientists led from Sweden's Karolinska Institutet / SciLifeLab has for the first time mapped all the
genes that are
activated in the first few days of a fertilized
human egg.
Now, a novel computational method shows that a viral protein found
in EBV - infected
human cells may
activate genes associated with increased risk for autoimmunity.
In addition, since two factors are sufficient for
human iPS induction from NSCs, it may be possible to substitute one or both of these factors with small molecules that
activate OCT3 / 4 or KLF4
gene expression.
Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1,
activating molecule
in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP -
activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B - cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly
activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase -
activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC,
human induced pluripotent stem cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R,
Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1
gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched
in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated
gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting
Calorie Restriction - like Effects of 30 Days of Resveratrol Supplementation on Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Profile
in Obese
Humans Cell Metabolism 2011 (Nov 2); 14 (5): 612 — 622 ~ FULL TEXT The result of just 30 days on resveratrol were impressive: (1) The same gene regulators (AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC - 1a) were activated in this study as are activated by caloric restriction and resveratrol in mice and endurance training in h
Humans Cell Metabolism 2011 (Nov 2); 14 (5): 612 — 622 ~ FULL TEXT The result of just 30 days on resveratrol were impressive: (1) The same
gene regulators (AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC - 1a) were
activated in this study as are
activated by caloric restriction and resveratrol
in mice and endurance training
in humanshumans.
Adults who had been categorized as behaviorally inhibited at the age of 2 years exhibited a higher amygdala activation
in response to unknown vs familiar faces16 compared with adults who were uninhibited as children, consistent with the notion that novel or ambiguous environmental stimuli of potential biological relevance
activate the amygdala.17 Turning to
genes that can influence the neurobiological bases of the processing of emotions, 2 common alleles, the short (S) and the long (L),
in a variable repeat sequence of the serotonin transporter (5 - HTT) promoter polymorphism (5 - HTTLPR) on
human chromosome 17q11 have been differently associated with greater amygdala activity
in response to angry or fearful faces18
in healthy adults.