Sentences with phrase «activates brain neurons»

Not exact matches

When we watch someone else, our brain is activated in the same way that the brain of the person you are observing is activated, effectively through what is called «mirror neurons.»

The bacteria, when injected into mice, activate a set of serotonin - releasing neurons in the brain — the same nerves targeted by Prozac.

The team also looked at the mouse brains to see which neurons, if any, were activated after the bacterial injection.

The brain (specifically, the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex) then looks at the combination of sensory neurons activated at any given time and interprets that pattern in the context of previous patterns that have been experienced and other kinds of available information.

The actual neurons in the brain, they realized, only become a factor in the organ's overall computational process when they are activated.

Instead of activating a small sphere of surrounding neurons as expected, the electrodes caused sparse strings of neurons to fire across the brain.

The finding suggests that brain surgeons and the designers of neural prosthetics have a much smaller margin of error than previously thought — shifting an electrode even slightly could activate an entirely different set of neurons.

Instead of a small number of large, powerful processors working continuously, the brain contains billions of relatively slow, small processors — its neurons — which consume power only when activated.

Previous research has shown that a network of mirror neurons in the brain is activated when we watch people move in familiar ways — we mentally rehearse their actions as if we were performing them ourselves.

As the name implies, the technique involves electrical currents flowing through electrodes in random pulses, activating neurons in multiple brain areas.

Potentially explaining why even healthy brains don't function well with age, Salk researchers have discovered that genes that are switched on early in brain development to sever connections between neurons as the brain fine - tunes, are again activated in aging neuronal support cells called astrocytes.

«If the sounds of the word had influence in this part of the brain we would expect to see that they activate the same or similar neurons, but this was not the case — «hair» and «hare» looked just as different as «hair» and «soup.»»

Yet the pons, an area of the brain just above the spinal cord, prevents motor neurons, the controllers of muscles, from activating movements.

They analyzed the data to determine exactly what was happening in the ventral sensory motor cortex (vSMC)-- how that area of the brain region was laid out, and in what order the neurons activated.

The team of international scientists had discovered that by activating Nurr1, a class of proteins found in the brain, it protects the brain's ability to generate dopamine neurons.

The inhibitory neurons they identified appear to control whether touch activates the excitatory neurons to send a pain signal to the brain.

In a famous set of experiments in human subjects in 2005, neuroscientist Rodrigo Quian Quiroga found that pictures of actor Jennifer Aniston activated a single brain cell in the hippocampus region — the so - called Jennifer Aniston neuron.

By recording volume variations in the blood vessels irrigating the different brain structures, it is therefore possible to determine the location of activated neurons.

Neuroscientists believe that memory forms when neurons in these key brain structures are simultaneously activated by glutamate and an electrical pulse, a result of everyday sensory experience.

She did so by activating neurons in a specific region of the hypothalamus, deep in the center of the brain.

With help from collaborators at the Allen Institute for Brain Science in Seattle, the team applied a variant of the c - fos method that distinguishes the neurons activated in two different, successive behavioral encounters.

These results indicated that, surprisingly, many brain regions surveyed contained separate but intermingled populations of neurons activated during fighting versus mating, with only a small degree (about 20 percent) of overlap.

Interestingly, these rats were still motivated to drink sugar water, indicating that the researchers had successfully targeted only alcohol - activated neurons, not the brain's overall reward system.

Her research suggested that T cells can also send signals that activate the brain's resident immune cells, microglia and blood - borne macrophages, telling them to protect the injured neurons from toxins released by the injury.

In the basal ganglia — a complex system of neurons in the brain responsible for, among other things, procedural learning — Bottjer and Achiro were able to isolate two different types of neurons in young songbirds: ones that were activated only when the birds heard themselves singing, and others that were activated only when the birds heard the songs of adult birds that they were trying to imitate.

The brain chemical, or neurotransmitter, is glutamate, the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, which essentially means it is passed between neurons to help one activate the next.

The researchers inserted an optogenetic switch into a group of nerve cells located in the ancient part of the brain called the medulla, allowing them to activate or inactivate the neurons with laser light.

The findings open up new avenues of research into exactly how the brain controls eating, and suggest that drugs designed to activate or inhibit neurons in the DRN could be effective in treating obesity and preventing its related disorders, such as diabetes and hypertension.

When they mutated neuregulin 3 in neurons that help activate the brain — called pyramidal neurons — the genetically modified mice displayed behavior consistent with schizophrenia.

Previous studies from George's lab had shown that nicotine activates certain «reward» neurons in the brain — giving positive reinforcement to keep smoking.

In an effort to disentangle the roles that different regions of the brain play in complex problem solving, researchers have traced the networks of neurons activated in chess players» brains as they contemplate their next move.

Eating fewer calories may work by depleting a brain chemical called kynurenic acid, which in turn activates neurons involved in learning.

These problems are caused by a type of white blood cells called T cells that, after becoming activated, find their way into the brain and attack the protective covering — myelin — of neurons in the brain and spinal cord, causing inflammation and damage to the central nervous system.

By implanting electrodes into the somatosensory cortex — the brain region that registers touch — Brecht and his team have identified the neurons that activate physical responses to tickling (Science, doi.org/bsxv).

«We wanted to activate with magnetism a specific set of neurons in the brain responsible for pleasure,» Güler said.

Here, in samples of mouse hypothalamus — the brain center that detects and regulates internal temperature — Kun Song and colleagues identified neurons that were uniquely activated in response to warming at temperatures above the physiological set point of 37 °C.

This method allows specific targeting within the brain and tight control of the timing of activating or inactivating neurons.

Memory researchers have previously speculated that somewhere in the brain network is a population of neurons that are activated during the process of acquiring a memory, causing enduring physical or chemical changes.

These hormones, in turn, activate a host of neurons in the brain's hypothalamus — the body's energy control center.

When they shone a light on the brain, only the neurons containing the light - sensitive proteins became activated.

Here, we first demonstrated that Acks signals were detected in the MBs, especially in the Class II KCs of workers at 30 or 60 min after the bee ball formation, and neurons located in a restricted area between the DLs and the OLs of workers at 60 min whereas they were scarcely detected at 0 min (Figure 4, Figure S3, and Figure S4), strongly suggesting that these neurons are highly activated in the brains of workers involved in forming the hot defensive bee ball.

Optogenetics has taken neuroscience by storm in recent years because the technique allows scientists to study the brain conveniently in animals, activating or inhibiting selected groups of neurons at the flip of a switch. Most often, scientists use a fiber optic cable to deliver light into the brain.

• Keeping abnormal proteins from building up and potentially shutting down major organs (heart, liver and nervous system, to name a few) • Protecting the brain's functions of learning and memory against neurotransmitter toxicity • Activating or increasing the activity of proteins that promote the initial growth, maintenance and survival of brain neurons • Enhancing the movement of proteins, lipids and other cell parts through the cytoplasm of cell bodies.

In our brains, glutamate is a signal that activates, or excites, neurons that it lands on.

«But we do know that disruption occurs, and the blood proteins we have found in the brain are able to activate the brain's immune cells and damage neurons.»

Despite ceasing their compulsive drinking, the animals were still motivated to drink sugar water, which means that the researchers were successful at targeting only alcohol - activated neurons, and not the overall reward system of the brain.

When a neural stem cell becomes activated, it begins a process of cell division that ultimately yields new neurons that connect to existing brain circuits.

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating molecule in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B - cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting

Using lasers and computers, the tool can precisely target and activate certain neurons in the thorax and brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster raising its temperature and stirring up its courtship behaviors.

Xiang and Han believe these nanoparticles, tuned to emit blue light, can be inserted into the brain and used as a substitute for traditional fiber optics to wirelessly activate neurons in animals.