Sentences with phrase «activation of»

They know from previous studies that apoptosis begins with the activation of what are known as Bax proteins.

The orphan drug she received, Eculizumab, is a monoclonal antibody capable of blocking activation of the body's complement system, a group of proteins in the blood that are ultimately responsible for the damage to the transplanted organ.

In their models, abatacept reduced the proliferation and activation of effector T cells.

What Litvak found is that the MeCP2 gene is responsible for establishing a threshold for the activation of macrophages in the presence of stimuli and stressors such as hypoxia, corticosteroids and inflammation.

Partial activation of the yeast pheromone response pathway by beta - adrenergic receptor agonists was achieved in cells coexpressing h beta - AR and a mammalian G protein (Gs) alpha subunit - demonstrating that these components can couple to each other and to downstream effectors when expressed in yeast.

«The paradoxical activation of MAPK signaling was an unexpected observation that emerged as BRAF inhibitors were being developed,» said co-author Geoffrey T. Gibney, M.D., assistant member of the Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program at Moffitt.

Meyer - Lindenberg tells ScienceNOW that the team does have unpublished data correlating activation of some brain regions with impulsivity, as revealed by personality tests that some of the subjects have taken.

The results suggest the simultaneous activation of certain molecular pathways — actions among molecules in a cell that can lead to change — in particular the MAPK and PI3K cellular pathways, triggered tumor initiation and produced increasingly dense low - grade gliomas that quickly progressed to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

This pharyngeal gene cluster contains six genes ordered in a common pattern in all deuterostomes and includes the genes for four proteins that are critical transcriptional regulators that control activation of numerous other genes.

«We now know much more about metabolic reprogramming of cancerous tissues in human patients, particularly that the activation of pyruvate carboxylase is important to lung cancer cell growth and survival,» said Fan, UK professor of toxicology and faculty member of the Markey Cancer Center and CESB at the University of Kentucky.

«These findings question a long - held paradigm that myelin - specific T cells initiate inflammation in the brain through activation of microglia and brain macrophages,» says Scott Zamvil, MD, PhD, a professor of neurology at the University of California, San Francisco and co-author on the paper.

Because the precise activation of Hox genes is essential for a cell's fate, «the research should prove extremely useful in developing novel embryonic stem cell - based therapies, Mazzoni adds.

These trigger the activation of a number of defense mechanisms.

Moreover, sustained activation of the UPR can drive cells into cell death.

In mice that gorged and then fasted, the researchers saw elevations in inflammation, higher activation of genes that promote storage of fatty molecules and plumper fat cells — especially in the abdominal area — compared to the mice that nibbled all day.

The activation of the biceps and wrist muscles was monitored, as was the velocity of the arms and the force of the grip.

«Combination therapies using BRAF inhibitors and other inhibitors are being considered to prevent paradoxical activation of MAPK pathways.»

Over a two - month trial, all six subjects in the control group showed a decline in the activation of the left hippocampus, which processes auditory memory, and on average deteriorated on tests of verbal recall.

A graduate student Anni Nieminen, the first author in the study explains, «In healthy cells dwindling ATP levels signals activation of AMPK, which tells the cells to save energy, for example, by stopping the cell proliferation.

In fact, there are two specific mechanisms for activation of BRAF implicated in PA formation: by fusion of the gene with nearby gene KIAA1549 (K: B fusion) or by point mutations of the BRAF gene itself.

However, cells with active Myc can not stop the cell cycle engine and we think that the non-stop proliferation of the cells with low ATP content leads to prolonged activation of AMPK and p53.

Control of the activation of apoptosis is important both in development and in protection against cancer.

But inappropriate activation of interferon signaling can cause the immune system to attack healthy tissues in the body, leading to a variety of autoimmune diseases.

Similarly, feasibility studies conducted by Kean found that abatacept blocks the activation of certain T cells after transplant.

LPS binding to Toll - like receptor 4 (TLR4) causes activation of NF - κB that requires two downstream pathways, each of which when isolated exhibits damped oscillatory behavior.

The next step is a bigger trial where the researchers will combine romidepsin activation of hidden HIV with a vaccine (vacc - 4x) to strengthen the ability of killer T - cells to fight hiv virus.

The researchers tested whether HDACis, which promote long - lasting activation of genes involved in learning and memory, could help replace old traumatic memories with new memories.

In the future, the scientists plan to use this system to study the effect of these and other compounds that may prevent the activation of HIV - 1 in the brain.

Kaufman and colleagues engineered the fish so that individual cells would light up in fluorescent green if a gene called crestin was turned on — a «beacon» indicating activation of a genetic program characteristic of stem cells.

The characteristics of this phenomenon paralleled those of the activation of guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide, which is a component of tobacco smoke.

«These results identify drug candidates that may prevent activation of latent viruses in astrocytes,» Schneider concluded.

By using pharmacological small molecule inhibitors as well as neutrophils from genetically modified mouse strains the team could identify essential receptor and signaling pathways involved in the nicotine - mediated activation of neutrophils.

In contrast, activation of neurons that responded to snake skin, a predator cue that elicits defensive behaviors, in the same brain area showed no change in sexual behaviors.

Ipilimumab interferes with a process by which the immune system controls the activation of T cells that destroy diseased tissues.

The cellular functions that Finch studied for his «second Ph.D.» included the activation of the gene that encodes tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT).

This is an illustration showing interactions between components of the AH10 - 7 compound (yellow), an immune system antigen - presenting cell (gray), and an invariant natural killer T cell (green and blue) that spark activation of iNKT cells in «humanized» mice.

Phosphorylation of PERK (P - PERK), indicative of ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response, is evident in ß - cells.

«Activation of these cell receptors appear to prevent brain cells from cleaning out the trash — the toxic buildup of proteins, such as alpha - synuclein, tau and amyloid, common in neurodegenerative diseases,» says the study's senior author, neurologist Charbel Moussa, MBBS, PhD, director of Georgetown's Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, and scientific and clinical research director of the GUMC Translational Neurotherapeutics Program.

The pilot study is part of a larger study investigating the possibilities of combining activation of HIV and a vaccine to strengthen the ability of the immune system to fight HIV.

Fish faced with stressful stimuli launch an endocrine stress response through activation of the hypothalamic - pituitary - interrenal (HPI --RRB- axis to release cortisol into the blood.

The addition of many ubiquitin molecules can target a protein for degradation, while the addition of a single ubiquitin molecule (monoubiquitination) can lead to activation of protein signaling pathways or target other proteins for ubiquitination.

Chronic activation of these autoreceptors revs up the activity of protein kinase A (PKA).

The researchers also found that activation of ESP1 - responding neurons in the region of the brain called the hypothalamus enhanced sexual behavior in female mice, even in the absence of actual ESP1, by using various tools to chemically or optically control neural activities, combined with a process called the TRAP method, which allows them to selectively manipulate neurons responding to a particular stimulus.

These results placed the resident OPC population in the focus of interest: what are the signals that control and enable the activation of these precursor cells in the adult zebrafish spinal cord?

The research suggests that blocking activation of one of five genes that transport the nutrient to Salmonella cells could be a new strategy to fight infection.

The research uncovers some of the mechanisms that drive the rapid activation of neutrophils, says immunologist Andrew Gelman of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.

The research suggests that reducing production of the protein, called myoferlin, affects cancer cells in two primary ways: by changing the activation of many genes involved in metastasis in favor of normal cell behavior, and by altering mechanical properties of cancer cells — including their shape and ability to invade — so they are more likely to remain nested together rather than breaking away to travel to other tissues.

The researchers advise that these three gold standards should be used in future in research on new medicines that rely on the activation of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor for their effectiveness.

Activation of NOTCH1 by blood flow causes a domino effect, triggering numerous other genes in the network to turn on or off, resulting in suppression of inflammation and calcification.

A new study published in The American Journal of Pathology found that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway by its ligands blocks collagen production and myofibroblast proliferation in TED.