Sentences with phrase «activity of genes known»

A new study has found strong evidence that tobacco use can chemically modify and affect the activity of genes known to increase the risk of developing cancer.

In the new study, published online March 27, 2018, in Cell Reports, a team led by UCSF's David Raleigh, MD, PhD, found that increased activity of a gene known as FOXM1 appears to be responsible for the aggressive growth and frequent recurrence of these tumors.

Not exact matches

These changes, known as epigenetic modifications, control the activity of our genes without changing the actual DNA sequence.

In the journal Cell on July 27, researchers show how this DNA variant enhances the activity of a gene called endothelin - 1 (EDN1), which is known to promote vasoconstriction and hardening of the arteries.

Berninger and others have previously shown that Sox2, Ascl1, and other transcription factors — proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to control the activity of genes — can induce the nonneuronal «support cells» known as glia to turn into neurons.

But we also know the activity of our own genes can be changed by our environment, through epigenetic mechanisms.

They used a somewhat bizarre technique in which two mice were sutured together in such as way that they shared a circulatory system (known as parabiosis), and found old mice joined to their youthful counterparts showed changes in gene activity in a brain region called the hippocampus as well as increased neural connections and enhanced «synaptic plasticity» — a mechanism believed to underlie learning and memory in which the strength of neural connections change in response to experience.

Additional experiments revealed that SIRT1 stymies PPARγ, which is known to jack up the activity of several genes that boost fat production.

Within the duplicate regions, Carmona - Mora and her colleagues discovered many switches, known as enhancers, important for controlling activity of genes.

These tags are detected and measured using a sensitive DNA analysis technique known as massive, parallel sequencing, providing a quantitative readout of the gene's activity levels.

We know that Hox genes encode transcription factors that control the activity of other genes, but we found that digit - innervating motor neurons also express other genes, such as FIGN and CNEP4], and we still don't know the function of any of these other genes.

When these birds sing, the activity of a master gene called FoxP2 declines in a key region of the brain involved in vocal control known as Area X.

Compared with living people, Neandertals and ancient Siberians known as Denisovans had slightly different patterns of DNA methylation — a chemical modification of DNA that doesn't change the information in genes but helps control gene activity.

The puffy appearance was a known sign that genes were being activated in those regions to give rise to their encoded proteins, so those sites of activity became known as the heat shock loci.

Scientists have known for years that the genome is riddled with sequences that control gene activity and is not just made up of genes.

They play a key part in regulating the activity of genes in many species, from yeast to humans Fewer than 10 years ago no one knew they existed

Niakan's group focused on a gene called OCT4 (also known as POU5F1), a master regulator of gene activity, which is important in mouse embryo development.

They sent soil samples for DNA testing, looking for matches with particular genes known to be found in microbes and fungi; they tried to stimulate microbial growth on a wide variety of substances and then count the cells produced; and they used highly sensitive radiorespiration activity assays, which involve feeding the soil microorganisms a food source which has been labelled with radioactive carbon, which can then be used to detect if the microorganisms are active.

Many more people, however, carry a low - activity variant of the gene, known as MAOA - L.

The team found changes in the activity of nearly 40 genes in three brain regions known to be associated with depression and anxiety (Science Signaling, doi.org/b4rz).

The group took the first step toward their goal of a novel engineering strategy for yeast by creating what is known as a cDNA library: a collection of over 90 % of the genes from the genome of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), arranged within a custom segment of DNA so that each gene will be, in one version, overactive within a yeast cell, and in a second version, reduced in activity.

They found over 700 genes which, when inhibited, brought down ENaC activity, including a number of genes no - one knew were involved in the process.

To that end, they examined in mouse embryos the global distribution of an epigenetic mark known to play a critical role in regulating the activity of genes.

They assessed gene activity at time points known to correspond with key phases of disease: the «induction phase,» the time before the peak level of photoreceptor cell death; the «execution phase,» when the highest rates of photoreceptor cell death occur; and the «chronic phase,» during which photoreceptor cell death continues at somewhat reduced levels.

Tet2 is a type of cellular enzyme known as an epigenetic regulator — responsible for making specific chemical annotations to regions of DNA that alter the activity of many different genes.

Research suggests that random fluctuations in gene activity could explain some instances of the phenomenon, known as partial penetrance, which likely plays a role in some human diseases.

UM270 was the only strain possessing genes involved in the synthesis of indole -3-acetic acid (IAA), the most common auxin, and phenylacetic acid (PAA), also known for its antimicrobial activity (23).

«Because the Met - SRC complex regulates a gene that controls reproductive development in crustaceans, we know that such activity means there is a significant likelihood of environmental toxicity — enough to make it a priority for in - depth toxicity testing,» LeBlanc says.

Importantly, for the maintenance of healthy plaque pH, gene transcription activity of known and previously unrecognized pH - neutralizing pathways was associated with the genera Lactobacillus, Veillonella and Streptococcus during the pH recovery phase.

Cyanobacteria possess one of the simplest known circadian clocks — the KaiABC system, a complex of proteins that undergoes a 24 - hour biochemical cycle, which triggers oscillations in gene expression and physiological activity.

It's also high in tomatidine, which has been shown to boost muscle mass in mice by reducing the activity of a gene called ATF4, known for inhibiting muscle protein synthesis.