In the different cell types of the body, different protein producing genes are active or inactive, and many medical conditions also depend on
altered activity of specific genes.
Our cells rely on RNAi — deploying diminutive RNA molecules such as microRNAs and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)-- to turn down
activity of specific genes.
New research in a tiny worm called C. elegans, which is commonly used in genetic studies, suggests that it may be possible for environmental stress to trigger small RNA molecules that reduce
the activity of specific genes.
Additionally, the scientists analyzed nuclear RNA, a measure of
the activity of specific genes.
One such evolutionary signal is RNA interference, a process that cells use to turn down or silence
the activity of specific genes.
In a paper published today in Nature Biotechnology, the researchers report that reducing
the activity of a specific gene called GAUT4 leads to lower levels of pectin, a component of plant cell walls responsible for their resistance to deconstruction.
Anthocyanins increase
the activity of specific genes called PPARs — which help the body utilize sugars and fats and prevent them from accumulating in the blood.