Once companies have working models, they can input more detailed company - specific data into them to fine - tune
actual emissions numbers.
Not exact matches
A 2012 report on particulates from gasoline vehicles by the European Joint Research Commission found that gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles consistently emit a very high
number of particles, with the
actual emission levels even approaching those of conventional diesels in some cases.
We find (i) measurements at all scales show that official inventories consistently underestimate
actual CH4 [methane]
emissions, with the natural gas and oil sectors as important contributors; (ii) many independent experiments suggest that a small
number of «super-emitters» could be responsible for a large fraction of leakage; (iii) recent regional atmospheric studies with very high
emissions rates are unlikely to be representative of typical natural gas system leakage rates; and (iv) assessments using 100 - year impact indicators show system - wide leakage is unlikely to be large enough to negate climate benefits of coal - to - natural gas substitution.
Despite this too - high sensitivity
number, the scenario B projection (the only one worth looking at, since that most closely models
actual CO2
emissions), was pretty darn good.
What particularly interested me was the
number of scientists who had been pushed out of CSIRO, or had left of their own volition, after being tightly censored in what they could say about global warming, and the
emissions reductions that would be needed to stabilise the climate (the latter point is particularly sensitive since any
actual number implies a target and government policy is opposed to targets).
Using those
numbers, updating them with
actual emissions from 2012 - 2014 and subtracting the carbon cycle feedbacks gives this table:
Pew has said that what needed to come out of Copenhagen was a treaty architecture, even if countries can't agree on the
numbers, and he seemed encouraged by the fact that everybody is still pushing for
actual emissions commitments from individual countries.
Mears and others said that the satellite measurements should not be taken seriously because they only infer the temperature from measurements of radio
emissions by Oxygen molecules - AND - that these final
numbers never match
actual temperature measurements made over land and water (ground stations as well as radiosonde).
«Although the climate change impacts of palm oil production on tropical peatland are becoming more widely recognized, this research shows that estimates of
emissions have been drawn from a very limited
number of scientific studies, most of which have underestimated the
actual scale of
emissions from oil palm,» said study co-author Ross Morrison of the University of Leicester.
The amount of trees used to balance the scale represents the
number of
actual trees it would take to offset that product's carbon
emissions over one year.