In a review co-authored in 2011 by Yale psychologist June Gruber, researchers found that the pursuit of happiness can
actually lead to negative outcomes — not because surrounding yourself with positive people, mastering a skill, smiling, getting therapy or practicing self - governance aren't conducive to happiness, in and of themselves, but because «when you're doing it with the
motivation or expectation that these things ought to make you happy, that can lead to disappointment and
decreased happiness.»